{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:33:00Z","timestamp":1756189980933,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG070279","AG072946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG070279","AG072946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with both cognitive deficits and an increased risk of dementia. Few studies, however, have examined the association between PTSD and cognitive decline in the context of parameters important to brain aging, including health conditions and genetics (e.g., <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u01904 status). National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data were used to investigate the associations between lifetime PTSD status and working memory, immediate and delayed episodic memory, and executive functions over 7 years in 11,961 older adults with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 179) and without PTSD. Inverse probability weighting was used to mitigate confounding variables. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were fit to weighted data. Sex, race, and <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u01904 status were examined as moderators. Lifetime PTSD was associated with an additional 0.031 standard deviations of decline in working memory annually, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.031, 95% CI [\u22120.055, \u22120.007]. There was no significant PTSD x Time interaction for other cognitive domains. Sex moderated the associations between PTSD and working memory, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> = 0.067, <jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic> = 0.03, and delayed recall, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> = 0.063, <jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic> = 0.03, such that, among individuals with PTSD, men demonstrated faster decline than women. <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u01904 moderated the associations between PTSD and delayed recall, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.106, <jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic> = 0.03, and executive functions, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> = 0.061, <jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic> = 0.02; among individuals with PTSD, <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u01904 carriers showed faster and slower decline, respectively, than noncarriers. PTSD in older adults is associated with accelerated decline in working memory. Men and\/or <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u01904 carriers may be important targets for early cognitive decline prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.23165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T23:54:19Z","timestamp":1746662059000},"page":"646-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder and longitudinal cognitive decline: A cognitive aging framework in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7235-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen A.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah R.","family":"Speaks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-4111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin L.","family":"Abner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Sanders\u2010Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4315-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanders\u2010Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Vasterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine University  Boston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4539-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine University  Boston USA"},{"name":"National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4020-111X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne C.","family":"Segerstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Development and Family Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2018.1439830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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