{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T08:30:01Z","timestamp":1770798601080,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Due to Puerto Rico's location, there is heightened vulnerability to the consequences of natural disasters, contributing to an elevated risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given PTSD's heterogeneous nature, this study examined whether PTSD factor structure, based on\n                    <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    criteria and measured using the PTSD Checklist for\n                    <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PCL\u20105), was equivalent across hurricane\u2010exposed Puerto Ricans (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 596) and non\u2010Latin\u00e9 White (NLW) individuals (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 459). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated the seven\u2010factor hybrid model of PTSD was the best\u2010fitting structure, \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 897, 298) = 685.59, CFI =\u00a0.967, TLI =\u00a0.958, RMSEA =\u00a0.054, SRMR =\u00a0.038. Latent factor correlations (range:\u00a0.61\u2013.93) supported the distinctiveness of PTSD symptom dimensions. PTSD prevalence estimates varied significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 47.8%, hybrid: 28.2%). Multigroup CFA results supported partial scalar invariance, with PCL\u20105 Item 8 (memory impairment) requiring varying intercepts, \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 897, 330) = 806.97,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a0.001, CFI =\u00a0.960, TLI =\u00a0.954, RMSEA =\u00a0.057, 90% CI [.052,\u00a0.062], SRMR =\u00a0.047, BIC = 49,586.9. NHWs reported higher avoidance (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.186),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.011; negative affect (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.160),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.028; anhedonia (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.217),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.002; and dysphoric arousal symptoms (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.187),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.015, relative to Puerto Ricans. Strong associations between PTSD factors and depression and psychological distress, \u03b2s =\u00a0.57\u2013.82, supported convergent validity. Findings highlight the relevance of the hybrid model for conceptualizing PTSD symptoms among hurricane\u2010exposed populations, with important implications for culturally informed assessment and treatment in Puerto Rican communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.70016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T13:15:56Z","timestamp":1758028556000},"page":"44-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Posttraumatic stress disorder factor structure in hurricane\u2010affected Puerto Ricans: A PTSD Checklist for\n                    <i>DSM\u20105<\/i>\n                    comparison with non\u2010Latin\u00e9 White individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2604-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna E.","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith B.","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana M.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SmartState Technology Application Center for Healthful Lifestyles Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Ethnic Studies University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3032-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ateka A.","family":"Contractor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1520-1238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen W.","family":"McGinnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie C.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia N.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5637-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Commentary: fatalismo reconsidered: A cautionary note for health\u2010related research and practice with Latino populations","volume":"17","author":"Abra\u00eddo\u2010Lanza A. 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