{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:47:47Z","timestamp":1770814067668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT9425\u201024\u20101\u20100499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425\u201024\u20101\u20100499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT9425\u201024\u20101\u20100639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425\u201024\u20101\u20100639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Disgust in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been relatively underexamined compared to other emotions, although it may be relevant to war\u2010related PTSD given potential exposure to both physical contaminants and moral violations. The present study examined the prevalence of disgust, mental contamination, and compulsive behaviors among veterans seeking PTSD treatment. Participants were 289 military veterans (79.2% male;\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 43.82,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13.61) referred for treatment at a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs PTSD specialty clinic. Veterans completed measures of PTSD symptoms; trauma\u2010related disgust toward others and themselves; feelings of dirtiness in response to thoughts, images, or memories of the trauma (i.e., trauma\u2010cued mental contamination); compulsive behaviors; and time spent washing, cleaning, and\/or avoiding feeling dirty. Combat was the most common index trauma (69.9%). Nearly three quarters (74.0%) of veterans endorsed at least moderate disgust toward others, and 61.2% endorsed at least moderate disgust toward oneself; about half (54.4%) endorsed at least moderate mental contamination, and 45.0% endorsed washing, cleaning, and\/or avoiding feeling dirty at least 1 hr per day. Disgust toward others, disgust toward oneself, and mental contamination were significantly correlated with PTSD symptoms,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    s =\u00a0.41\u2013.57,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s &lt;\u00a0.001. Multiple regression analysis indicated that all three predictors were associated with PTSD symptoms,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3, 274) = 79.68,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a0.001,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =\u00a0.47, with disgust toward oneself the strongest predictor, \u03b2 =\u00a0.30,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a0.001. The present study suggests a notable prevalence of disgust, contamination, and time spent avoiding feeling dirty among veterans seeking PTSD treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T05:29:57Z","timestamp":1759814997000},"page":"66-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wounds that won't wash away: Disgust and trauma\u2010related contamination in military veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula S.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9985-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christal L.","family":"Badour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anouk L.","family":"Grubaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0889\u20108391.33.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(4th ed.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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