{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:50:10Z","timestamp":1786737010445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although trauma\u2010focused psychotherapies, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT), are effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a substantial portion of individuals exhibit a diminished response. Stellate ganglion block (SGB), an anesthetic procedure targeting the sympathetic nervous system, has shown promise for PTSD but has only recently begun to be evaluated as an augmentation to evidence\u2010based psychotherapy. This randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind pilot trial assessed the efficacy of 1\u2010week accelerated CPT augmented with SGB versus a placebo injection. Of 54 consented individuals, 39 participants (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 38.1 years,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11.0; 69.2% female; 79.5% White) who met the\n                    <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    criteria for PTSD were randomized to receive SGB (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 18) or a saline injection (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 21), followed by 10 virtual CPT sessions over 5 days. The primary outcome was clinician\u2010assessed PTSD severity\u00a0(Clinician\u2010Administered PTSD Scale for\n                    <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; CAPS\u20105); secondary outcomes included self\u2010reported PTSD (PTSD Checklist for\n                    <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; PCL\u20105) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire\u20139; PHQ\u20109). Of 39 randomized participants, 37 (94.9%) completed treatment. Both groups experienced large improvements in PTSD symptoms, CAPS\u20105 (baseline\u20133\u2010months):\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.77, PCL\u20105:\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.67, and depressive symptoms, PHQ\u20109:\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.86. Treatment Condition x Time interactions were not significant for the CAPS\u20105, PCL\u20105, or PHQ\u20109,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s =\u00a0.144\u2013.958. Post hoc comparisons indicated significantly lower PCL\u20105 scores in the SGB group on Day 1 of CPT,\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u201011.99,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.015. Augmenting accelerated CPT with SGB was highly feasible but did not produce significantly larger symptom reductions compared to placebo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:48:51Z","timestamp":1786733331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing cognitive processing therapy via stellate ganglion blocks: A pilot randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Held","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Pridgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Illinois\u2013Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Szoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asokumar","family":"Buvanendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Rush University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Rush University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryan C. J. Lynch J. Bryan A. O. Mulvaney S. Treangen N. Concelmo K. L. Rooney E. Baker J. C. Khazem L. R. Ammendola E. Bauder C. R. Daruwala S. E. Kolacz J. Arens A. Aase D. M. Moreno J. Youssef N. A. &Hiser J.(2025).Effectiveness of combined cognitive processing therapy with stellate ganglion block: An open\u2010label randomized wait\u2010list clinical trial.Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 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A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2023.104428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0000441-000","volume-title":"Written exposure therapy for PTSD: A brief treatment approach for mental health professionals","author":"Sloan D. M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs\/U.S. Department of Defense. (2023).VA\/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.https:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/guidelines\/MH\/ptsd\/VA\u2010DoD\u2010CPG\u2010PTSD\u2010Full\u2010CPGAug242023.pdf\u2216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010019\u20101032\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Blake D. D. Schnurr P. P. Kaloupek D. G. Marx B. P. &Keane T. M.(2013).The Clinician\u2010Administered PTSD Scale for DSM\u20105 (CAPS\u20105).https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult\u2010int\/caps.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Litz B. T. Keane T. M. Palmier P. A. Marx B. P. &Schnurr P. P.(2013).The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105).https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult\u2010sr\/ptsd\u2010checklist.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280212436447"}],"container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.70116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jts.70116","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.70116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:48:54Z","timestamp":1786733334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jts.70116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jts.70116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.70116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-9867","1573-6598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-9867","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jts.70116"}}