{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:46:53Z","timestamp":1792043213744,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale (CTSR) was developed to assess traumatic stress responses under ongoing threat. This study evaluated whether the original 11\u2010item, three\u2010factor CTSR structure retained psychometric support after the October 7, 2023, attacks and subsequent war in Israel. The cross\u2010sectional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) sample used each participant's first available assessment, yielding 756 unique participants; longitudinal analyses included 337 participants who completed both waves. CFA supported the prespecified three\u2010factor structure of exhaustion\/detachment, rage\/betrayal, and fear\/helplessness, CFI =\u00a0.994, TLI =\u00a0.992, RMSEA =\u00a0.069, 90% CI [.059,\u00a0.079], SRMR =\u00a0.048, with standardized loadings from\u00a0.69 to\u00a0.90. A one\u2010factor model showed acceptable but weaker fit, and parallel robust maximum likelihood analyses favored the three\u2010factor model per Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Longitudinal CFA supported temporal measurement invariance; latent mean analyses showed no significant change in exhaustion\/detachment or rage\/betrayal and a small decrease in fear\/helplessness. Multigroup CFA supported measurement invariance across sex and age, whereas trauma\u2010exposure invariance was supported only for a one\u2010factor sensitivity model. Internal consistency was high for the total scale, Cronbach's \u03b1 =\u00a0.908, McDonald's \u03c9 =\u00a0.909, and adequate\u2010to\u2010good for subscales. CTSR scores showed good temporal stability, ICC =\u00a0.812; strong associations with PTSD symptoms, \u03c1 =\u00a0.699, and functional impairment, \u03c1 =\u00a0.701; and higher scores among trauma\u2010exposed participants,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.37. Findings support the CTSR as a valuable research measure and encourage continued evaluation of its three\u2010factor structure under ongoing threat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:04:08Z","timestamp":1792040648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric evaluation of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale under intensified national threat"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0784-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aviva","family":"Goral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PREPARED Center for Emergency Response Research Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4585-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Limor","family":"Aharonson\u2010Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PREPARED Center for Emergency Response Research Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2026.2646757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2463186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/traumacare2020015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.09.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010021\u201001743\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline R. B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015585316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"A step\u2010by\u2010step approach to using SAS\u00ae for factor analysis and structural equation modeling","author":"O'Rourke N.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010019\u20101060\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2481803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Litz B. T. Keane T. M. Palmier P. A. Marx B. P. &Schnurr P. P.(2013).The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105).https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult\u2010sr\/ptsd\u2010checklist.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29038\/eejpl.2024.11.1.zas"}],"container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.70135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jts.70135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.70135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:04:10Z","timestamp":1792040650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jts.70135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jts.70135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.70135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-9867","1573-6598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-9867","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jts.70135"}}