{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T07:45:28Z","timestamp":1759563928023,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800013C","HHSN275200800002I","HHSN27500006","HHSN275200800003IC","HHSN275200800014C","HHSN275200800012C","HHSN275200800028C","HHSN275201000009C","HHSN27520080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800013C","HHSN275200800002I","HHSN27500006","HHSN275200800003IC","HHSN275200800014C","HHSN275200800012C","HHSN275200800028C","HHSN275201000009C","HHSN27520080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the frequency with which gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight do not track across gestation and to assess the risk of small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) and large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (LGA) birth weight as a function of tracking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included a pregnancy cohort (2009\u20132013) of 2438 women from 4 racial\/ethnic groups in the United States. We calculated race\u2010 and trimester\u2010specific gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores. The prevalence of how often gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight did not or did directly track was examined by grouping <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores into measure\u2010specific categories (&lt;\u22121 SD, \u22121 to\u2009+\u20091 SD, and &gt;1 SD) and then examining 2\u2010measure combinations. Trimester\u2010specific relative risks for SGA and LGA births were estimated with a gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score interaction. We estimated coefficients for selected gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight values (\u20131 SD, 0 SD, and +1 SD) compared with the referent of 0 SD for both measures. Small and large for gestational age were calculated as birth weight below the 10th and at or above the 90th percentiles, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight were within 1 SD 55.5%, 51.5%, and 48.2% of the time in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. There was no significant interaction between gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight on the risk of SGA in the first and second trimesters (interaction term <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.48; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.79). In the third trimester, there was a significant interaction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002), resulting in a 71% (95% confidence interval, 1.45\u20132.02) increased risk of SGA when estimated fetal weight was low and gestational weight gain was high. These relationships were similar for the risk of LGA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deviations in either measure, even in the presence of average gestational weight gain or estimated fetal weight, still suggest an increased risk of SGA and LGA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T16:48:29Z","timestamp":1506703709000},"page":"935-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combined Influence of Gestational Weight Gain and Estimated Fetal Weight on Risk Assessment for Small\u2010 or Large\u2010for\u2010Gestational\u2010Age Birth Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4347-2561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie N.","family":"Hinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungduk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Wing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine Orange California USA"},{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Miller Children's Hospital\/Long Beach Memorial Medical Center Long Beach California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Grantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200011000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20348"},{"volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","year":"2009","author":"Rasmussen 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