{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:13:58Z","timestamp":1776075238567,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the main characteristics of retronychia on ultrasonography (US) and to propose US criteria for diagnosing unilateral and bilateral cases according to the digit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010control study with retrospective, descriptive, and statistical analyses of the US images of 210 nails: 43 with retronychia and 167 normal nails. The Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal\u2010Wallis test, among other tests, were performed. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy percent of the patients were females, and the most affected digit was the big toe. Significant US diagnostic criteria were as follows: criterion 1, hypoechoic halo surrounding the origin of the nail plate; criterion 2, distance between the origin of the nail plate and the base of the distal phalanx of 5.1\u2009mm or less in big toes and thumbs and\/or a difference of 0.5\u2009mm of this distance or greater between the affected nail and the contralateral healthy nail; and criterion 3, proximal nail fold thickness of 2.2\u2009mm or greater for male patients or 1.9\u2009mm or greater for female patients and\/or a proximal nail fold 0.3\u2009mm thicker or greater in comparison with the contralateral healthy nail. Cutoff points, sensitivity, and specificity with a 95% confidence interval were defined for each criterion according to the digit in cases with unilateral and bilateral involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonography can support the diagnosis of retronychia in unilateral and bilateral cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T06:16:36Z","timestamp":1509516996000},"page":"1201-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Ultrasonographic Criteria for Diagnosing Unilateral and Bilateral Retronychia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago 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