{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:17:36Z","timestamp":1771550256467,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Research Fund, Chiang Mai University","award":["50-2558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50-2558"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to establish the <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score reference ranges of cardiothoracic diameter ratio (CTR) of normal fetuses from 14 to 40 weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on low\u2010risk singleton pregnancies with healthy fetuses. The CTR was performed using simple 2\u2010dimensional sonography on the typical fetal 4\u2010chamber view. The reference ranges were constructed according to gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), and head circumference (HC) as independent variables based on the best\u2010fit models, both mean and standard deviation (SD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 683 fetuses were measured for CTR. The best\u2010fit equations for the mean and SD as a function of GA, BPD, and HC are as follows: (1) CTR\u2009=\u20090.365\u2009+\u20090.004\u2009\u00d7\u2009GA in weeks (SD\u2009=\u20090.031\u2009+\u20090.001\u2009\u00d7\u2009GA); (2) CTR\u2009=\u20090.373\u2009+\u20090.014\u2009\u00d7\u2009BPD in cm (SD\u2009=\u20090.034\u2009+\u20090.004\u2009\u00d7\u2009BPD); and (3) CTR\u2009=\u20090.373\u2009+\u20090.004\u2009\u00d7\u2009HC in cm (SD\u2009=\u20090.032\u2009+\u20090.001\u2009\u00d7\u2009HC). The CTR was slightly increased with advanced GA, BPD, and HC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete nomograms with <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score reference ranges of CTR were established throughout pregnancy. These nomograms may be useful to detect cardiac abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T16:31:06Z","timestamp":1536769866000},"page":"999-1007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Z<\/i> Score Reference Ranges of Fetal Cardiothoracic Diameter Ratio"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sirinart","family":"Sirilert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University  Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuanglada","family":"Tongprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University  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