{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:42:21Z","timestamp":1782186141809,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]],"date-time":"2018-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study aimed to analyze 3\u2010dimensional changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex with a synergistic effect of functional jaw orthopedics using a fixed functional appliance and low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients with skeletal class II malocclusion were randomly assigned to 4 groups (2 control groups and 2 test groups) of 10 patients each. After insertion of the fixed functional appliance, the test group was stimulated with LIPUS therapy in the TMJ region bilaterally for 20\u2009minutes daily for first 10\u2009days and thereafter at least 3 times per week until complete mandibular advancement was achieved. Three\u2010dimensional images obtained with a cone beam computed tomographic scanner were used to analyze the changes in the TMJ complex at the prefunctional stage and after completion of functional appliance therapy. Direct intragroup and intergroup comparisons for different morphometric variables were conducted with the Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 40 patients included 20 male and 20 female patients between the ages of 12 and 16\u2009years (mean age\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 13.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u2009years). Both the test groups and the control groups showed statistically significant variable changes in condylar head position and morphometric changes in relation to the joint space analysis (mean differences, \u20131.000 and \u20131.080\u2009mm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). However, no significant differences were found during the intergroup comparisons at the prefunctional and postfunctional stages for the variables examined, except for the measurements of the linear distance of the condyle to the external auditory meatus on both the right and left sides at the prefunctional phase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy positively affects the quantum of the joint space, thus proving to be a promising adjunct in enhancing treatment outcomes of functional jaw orthopedics in growing patients with skeletal class II malocclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T06:46:57Z","timestamp":1541400417000},"page":"1661-1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Low\u2010Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Therapy on the Temporomandibular Joint Complex in Conjunction With a Fixed Functional Appliance: A Prospective 3\u2010Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Maurya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Army Dental Center (Research and Referral)  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balakrishna","family":"Jayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Army Dental Center (Research and Referral)  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8342-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Employees\u2019 State Insurance Corporation Dental College and Hospital  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oonit","family":"Nakra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Army Dental Center (Research and Referral)  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Employees\u2019 State Insurance Corporation Dental College and Hospital  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Skeletal malocclusion: a developmental disorder with a life\u2010long morbidity","volume":"6","author":"Joshi N","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"00092","article-title":"An overview of malocclusion in India","volume":"3","author":"Agarwal SS","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402011000400014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310 years of age","volume":"51","author":"McNamara JA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.62806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70058-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"The correlation between neovascularization and bone formation in the condyle during forward mandibular positioning","volume":"72","author":"Rabie ABM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(02)57033-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.125991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"e565","article-title":"Impact of functional mandibular advancement appliances on the temporomandibular joint: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Ivorra\u2010Carbonell L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12548-011-0009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/080708-414.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"631","article-title":"Growth modification of the rabbit mandible using therapeutic ultrasound: is it possible to enhance functional appliance results?","volume":"73","author":"El\u2010Bialy T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"EbrahimA YeungJ HabibA El\u2010BialyT Al\u2010QahtaniJM. Histomorphometric analysis: effect of laser and LED on mandibular growth. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American Association for Dental Research; March2012; Tampa FL."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.16-0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJCT.S7060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-007-0650-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121682"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(85)90029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.109839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760091001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301960"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2002.0740"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/426710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.06063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1159-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Induced condylar growth in a patient with hemifacial microsomia","volume":"59","author":"Kaplan RG","year":"1989","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2010.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with pulsed low intensity ultrasound enhances the chondrogenic phenotype in vitro","volume":"43","author":"Schumann D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","volume-title":"Mandibular Condyle Tissue Reaction to Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in a Young Adult Rat Animal Model","author":"Hadaegh Y.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/090514-624.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(90)90005-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708601006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.08.034"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjum.14850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.14850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jum.14850","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.14850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T12:13:08Z","timestamp":1694347988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.14850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.14850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.14850","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}