{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T12:24:32Z","timestamp":1759580672158,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the performance of molecular lymphosonography with dual\u2010targeted microbubbles in detecting and quantifying the metastatic involvement in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) using a swine melanoma model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeted microbubbles were labeled with P\u2010selectin and \u03b1<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010integrin antibodies. Control microbubbles were labeled with immunoglobulin G antibodies. First lymphosonography with Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) was used to identify SLNs. Then dual\u2010targeted and control microbubbles were injected intravenously to detect and quantify metastatic disease in the SLNs. Distant non\u2010SLNs were imaged as benign controls. All evaluated lymph nodes (LNs) were surgically removed, and metastatic involvement was characterized by a histopathologic analysis. Two radiologists blinded to histopathologic results assessed the baseline B\u2010mode images of LNs, and the results were compared to the histologic reference standard. The mean intensities of targeted and control microbubbles within the examined LNs were measured and compared to the LN histologic results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010five SLNs and 34 non\u2010SLNs from 13 Sinclair swine were included in this study. Twenty\u2010one SLNs (62%) were malignant, whereas 100% of non\u2010SLNs were benign. The sensitivity of B\u2010mode imaging for metastatic LN diagnosis for both readers was relatively high (90% and 71%), but the specificity was very poor (50% and 58%). The sensitivity and specificity of molecular lymphosonography for metastatic LN detection were 91% and 67%, respectively. The mean intensities from dual\u2010targeted microbubbles correlated well with the degree of metastatic LN involvement (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecular lymphosonography can increase the specificity of metastatic LN detection and provide a measure to quantify the degree of metastatic involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T14:50:18Z","timestamp":1545922218000},"page":"2103-2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance of Molecular Lymphosonography for Detection and Quantification of Metastatic Involvement in Sentinel Lymph Nodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kibo","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stanczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2215-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flemming","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick L.","family":"O'Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Shenzhen Children's Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Beijing Friendship Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalambos C.","family":"Solomides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Eisenbrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Lyshchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute.Cancer staging. 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