{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:43:06Z","timestamp":1782852186999,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006295","name":"Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant R01 NS064034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant R01 NS064034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional Doppler measures have been used to predict cognitive performance in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Novel measures, such as carotid plaque strain indices (CPSIs), have shown associations with cognitive performance. We hypothesized that lower mean middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocities, higher bulb\u2013internal carotid artery (ICA) velocities, the MCA pulsatility index (PI), and CPSIs would be associated with poorer cognitive performance in individuals with advanced atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurocognitive testing, carotid ultrasound imaging, transcranial Doppler imaging, and carotid strain imaging were performed on 40 patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. Kendall tau correlations were used to examine relationships between cognitive tests and the surgical\u2010side maximum peak systolic velocity (PSV; from the bulb, proximal, mid, or distal ICA), mean MCA velocity and PI, and maximum CPSIs (axial, lateral, and shear strain indices used to characterize plaque deformations with arterial pulsation). Cognitive measures included age\u2010adjusted indices of verbal fluency, verbal and visual learning\/memory, psychomotor speed, auditory attention\/working memory, visuospatial construction, and mental flexibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants had a median age of 71.0 (interquartile range, 9.75) years; 26 were male (65%), and 14 were female (35%). Traditional Doppler parameters, PSV, mean MCA velocity, and MCA PI did not predict cognitive performance (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Maximum CPSIs were significantly associated with cognitive performance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional velocity measurements of the maximum bulb\u2010ICA PSV, mean MCA velocity, and PI were not associated with cognitive performance in patients with advanced atherosclerotic disease; however, maximum CPSIs were associated with cognitive performance. These findings suggest that cognition may be associated with unstable plaque rather than blood flow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T13:54:46Z","timestamp":1589291686000},"page":"2033-2042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carotid Plaque Strain Indices Were Correlated With Cognitive Performance in a Cohort With Advanced Atherosclerosis, and Traditional Doppler Measures Showed no Association"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6445-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol C.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Wilbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4005-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirvedh H.","family":"Meshram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine N.","family":"Steffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3299-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomy","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce P.","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.12.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X130380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X130470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000206439.62025.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.16.2122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000143317.70478.b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420037035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108153250701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"5627","article-title":"Estimation of ultrasound strain indices in carotid plaque and correlation to cognitive dysfunction","volume":"2014","author":"Wang X","year":"2014","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0161734615589252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acv082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Multilingual Aphasia Examination: Manual of Instruction","author":"Benton AL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638608401298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler D","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Professional Manual","author":"Brandt J","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Rey Complex Figure Test and Recognition Trial: Professional Manual","author":"Meyers JE","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"SONARA\u00ae Systems and SONARA\/tek\u00ae Systems User Manual","author":"Natus Neurology Inc","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/22\/7329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa781f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2018.2841346"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.JNS161299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000371730.11404.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2292030516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1583\/1074-6218(1996)003<0158:AADGIC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2001.tb00039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822b0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"2375","article-title":"Carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients","volume":"130","author":"Chen WH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","volume-title":"Revised Comprehensive Norms for an Expanded Halstead Reitan Battery: Demographically Adjusted Neuropsychological Norms for African American and Caucasian Adults","author":"Heaton RK","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","volume-title":"A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests","author":"Strauss E","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","volume-title":"The Boston Naming Test","author":"Kaplan E","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","volume-title":"The Boston Naming Test","author":"Kaplan EF","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.50.suppl_1.WMP47"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjum.15311","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.15311","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jum.15311","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.15311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T04:00:03Z","timestamp":1693886403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.15311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.15311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.15311","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}