{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:11Z","timestamp":1786978151468,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pinching, deviated wrist postures, and repetitive motion are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Hypervascularization of the median nerve and increased intraneural blood flow proximal to the carpal tunnel result in finger force and deviated wrist postures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pinching with and without force, wrist posture, and repetitive wrist motion on intraneural blood flow in the median nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven healthy and 11 carpal tunnel syndrome\u2013symptomatic individuals completed 3 sections of this study: 15 pinch posture force trials, 3 repetitive wrist motion trials, and 3 static wrist posture trials. Intraneural blood flow (centimeters per second) was measured with pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound during each trial. Transverse B\u2010mode images obtained from static trials were used to calculate the median nerve cross\u2010sectional area and circumference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An analysis of variance statistical analysis revealed significant main effects of pinch posture force (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>4,80<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 21.397;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and wrist posture (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>2,40<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 14.545;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Intraneural blood flow velocities were significantly greater when 6\u2009N of force was applied by the thumb, finger, or pinch compared to no applied force in the same postures. Intraneural blood flow velocities were higher at 30\u00b0 wrist flexion (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 2.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42\u2009cm\/s) than neutral (2.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45\u2009cm\/s) and 30\u00b0 wrist extension (1.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46\u2009cm\/s). No changes were found in response to repetitive wrist motion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flexed wrists as well as applied finger and thumb forces increase median nerve blood flow at the entry to the carpal tunnel, which may negatively affect the median nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T10:00:39Z","timestamp":1611136839000},"page":"939-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of Force, Posture, and Repetitive Wrist Motion on Intraneural Blood Flow in the Median Nerve"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Ehmke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Farias Zuniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-1547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Keir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(82)80175-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(97)80119-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(96)00044-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"779","article-title":"Hand wrist cumulative trauma disorders in industry","volume":"43","author":"Silverstein BA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90178-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90231-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80443-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.1.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199911000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479311426777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2012.31.5.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1715"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7156489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199311000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90124-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007779598127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700110310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819860683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199000006-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2013.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80004-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjum.15467","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.15467","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jum.15467","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.15467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T15:17:27Z","timestamp":1692544647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.15467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.15467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.15467","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}