{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:16:49Z","timestamp":1767979009470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate cranial ultrasound markers during a first\u2010trimester routine ultrasound examination for screening for open spina bifida (OSB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Midsagittal and axial images of the fetal head obtained from fetuses with spina bifida and unaffected control fetuses at 11\u2009weeks to 13\u2009weeks 6\u2009days were analyzed retrospectively. The observed markers of the posterior brain included the 4\u2010 versus 3\u2010line view, the brain stem (BS)\u2010to\u2010brain stem\u2010occipital bone (BSOB) distance ratio (BS\/BSOB), the position relationship between the maxillo\u2010occipital (MO) line and the midbrain\u2010BS junction, and the crash sign status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 9 OSB cases, 2 closed spina bifida (CSB) cases, and 200 unaffected controls. Eight of 9 OSB cases had informative midsagittal views of the head. The 3\u2010line view (abnormal) and BS\/BSOB greater than 1 (abnormal) were observed in 87.5% (7 of 8) and 100% (8 of 8), respectively. The midbrain\u2010BS junction was below or nearly on the MO line (abnormal) in 100% (8 of 8). Seven of the cases had informative axial views of the head. The crash sign (abnormal) was observed in 85.7% (6 of 7). A 3\u2010line view was seen in all of the cases that had a positive crash sign. Neither of the 2 cases of CSB and none of the controls had any of the 4 first\u2010trimester intracranial ultrasound markers of OSB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 4 first\u2010trimester intracranial ultrasound markers investigated in this study appear to be very good markers of OSB, especially a BS\/BSOB greater than 1 and an abnormal MO line. The crash sign and 3\u2010line view were observed in the same fetus. In our study, these ultrasound findings were not helpful in CSB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T13:38:59Z","timestamp":1600609139000},"page":"1155-1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<scp>First\u2010Trimester<\/scp> Cranial Ultrasound Markers of Open Spina Bifida"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1041-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6871-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Detection of spina bifida by first trimester screening: results of the prospective multicenter Berlin IT Study","volume":"38","author":"Chen FC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17445-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000120432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"809","article-title":"Neuroimaging parameters in early open spina bifida detection: further benefit in first trimester screening?","volume":"52","author":"Iliescu D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1481384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.955001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4598"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00660.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.15496","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jum.15496","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.15496","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T04:37:13Z","timestamp":1693629433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.15496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.15496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.15496","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}