{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:58:36Z","timestamp":1785416316907,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign but biologically aggressive tumor. This study aimed to summarize the echocardiography and contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound (CEU) characteristics of IVL to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen IVL patients with uterus leiomyoma history (female, 46.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u2009years) were enrolled in this study from March 2008 to December 2020 in our hospital. Preoperative imaging examination data were collected, including echocardiography computed tomography data; six patients also underwent CEU. All patients underwent successful resection, confirmed by histopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echocardiographic characteristics: The mean sizes of intracardiac parts of IVL tumors were 54.0\u2009\u00b1\u200917.9\u2009mm (length) and 24.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8\u2009mm (width). IVL tumors exhibited two echocardiography types: isoechoic solid mass (71.4%, 10\/14) and anechoic cystic conduits (28.6%, 4\/14), with enlargements of the right atrium (57.1%,8\/14), right ventricle (1 patient, 7.1%), and inferior vena cava (57.1%, 8\/14). About 21.4% of the patients (3\/14) had right ventricular dysfunction. Right heart obstruction was observed in 42.8% (6\/14) of the patients. CEU characteristics: the solid mass type exhibited an earlier perfusion and lower perfusion intensity than the conduits type. CEU was helpful in determining origins and pathways: from the internal iliac vein (pathway I, 71.4%), from the ovarian vein (pathway II, 14.3%), or both (14.3%). The echocardiographic appearances of the 14 cases were consistent with the features of the resection specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combined echocardiography and CEU can provide a more valuable information for the diagnosis of IVL and essential basis for treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T02:16:45Z","timestamp":1628734605000},"page":"1101-1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Echocardiographic Characteristics and <scp>Contrast\u2010Enhanced<\/scp> Imaging of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis With Intracardiac Extension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicui","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an 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wachsendes: fibromyom des uterus [in german]","volume":"54","author":"D\u00fcrck H","year":"1907","journal-title":"M\u00fcnchener Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Berichte aus Gyn\u00e4kologische Gesellschaften und Krankenh\u00e4usern [in German]","volume":"31","author":"Mirabeau S","year":"1907","journal-title":"Zentralbl Gyn\u00e4kol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-13-3533"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(82)90409-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2011.01472.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in 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