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This study aimed to obtain longitudinal, concurrent within\u2010subject measurements of liver stiffness (LS) and spleen stiffness (SS) and their correlates over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with hepatitis C (n\u00a0=\u00a0592) receiving direct\u2010acting antiviral\u2010based therapy were monitored through point shear\u2010wave elastography from the treatment baseline (TW0) across follow\u2010up visits in terms of LS and SS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Generalized linear mixed modeling indicated that all LS values (2301 visits) were negatively correlated with the follow\u2010up times (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) from TW0 to 24\u2009weeks (PW24) after the end of treatment (EOT) and positively correlated with baseline LS values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The slopes of declines (preceding minus next) differed significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) between TW0\u2013TW4 (treatment week 4) (0.060 [\u22120.050 to 0.225] meter\/second\/month [m\/s\/mo]) and TW4\u2013EOT (0.010 [\u22120.030 to 0.075] m\/s\/mo). All SS values (1704 visits) were negatively correlated with time only at PW24 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and positively correlated with baseline SS values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The slopes of the SS values differed significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) only between EOT\u2013PW12 (\u22120.010 [\u22120.110 to 0.083] m\/s\/mo) and PW12\u2013PW24 (0.043 [\u22120.063 to 0.160] m\/s\/mo).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biphasic fast\u2010to\u2010slow decline in LS occurred early in the on\u2010treatment phase, which is consistent with the resolution of hepatic necroinflammation. The slow\u2010to\u2010fast decline in SS occurred off treatment. Future studies should investigate the association with regressions in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T13:23:56Z","timestamp":1629465836000},"page":"1169-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Liver and Spleen Stiffness Surveillance Through Elastography During and After <scp>Direct\u2010Acting<\/scp> Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng\u2010Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University  Taichung 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