{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:19:16Z","timestamp":1783743556243,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurements of the umbilical vein diameter (UVD) and blood flow (mL\/min) (UVF) have been demonstrated to be decreased in fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) using gestational age (GA) as the independent variable. However, no previous studies have used the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and the estimated fetal weight (EFW) to create equations to be used for z\u2010score computations when evaluating fetuses at risk foran abnormal UVD and UVF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and forty normal fetuses between 20 and 40\u2009weeks of gestation were examined in which the UVD and time averaged maximal velocity (TAMX) were measured from which the UVF, UVF\/HC, UVF\/AC, and UVF\/kg were computed. Fractional polynomial regression analysis was used to compute z\u2010score equations using the above independent variables. Thirty\u2010six fetuses with abnormal growth of the AC were examined to test the validity of the equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The UVD, TAMX, UVF, UVF\/HC, and UVF\/AC all increased with gestatonal age and fetal growth except for the UVF\/kg, which decreased with age and growth. From the regression equations, two z\u2010score calculators were created using an Excel spreadsheet that can be used in clinical practice. Abnormal measurements of the UVD, UVF, UVF\/HC, UVF\/AC, and UVF\/kg were observed in the 3<jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic> study fetuses, 21 with an AC\u2009&lt;\u200910<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile and 15 with an AC\u2009&gt;\u200990<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the equations generated from this study and the z\u2010score calculators provides a clinical tool to measure the size and flow of the umbilical vein that may have clinical implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T11:43:25Z","timestamp":1637235805000},"page":"1949-1960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Computing <scp>Z\u2010Score<\/scp> Equations for Clinical Use to Measure Fetal Umbilical Vein Size and Flow Using Six Independent Variables of Age 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