{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:26:50Z","timestamp":1761294410810,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01HD097756\u201001","R21HD095501\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01HD097756\u201001","R21HD095501\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placental blood flow analysis is complicated by having both maternal and fetal flow components. Using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the umbilical venous pulse wave spectra (PW) envelope, we could simultaneously assess maternal\/fetal blood flow in the placenta and investigate if normal and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)\/pre\u2010eclamptic pregnancies could be distinguished.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study included normal gestations (N\u00a0=\u00a011) and gestations with IUGR, pre\u2010eclampsia, or both (N\u00a0=\u00a013). Umbilical vein PW were acquired and spectral envelopes were identified as a function of time and analyzed by FFT. Base\u201010 logarithms of the ratios of the maternal\/fetal spectral peaks (LRSP) were compared in normal and IUGR\/pre\u2010eclamptic populations (two\u2010tailed <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test). Body mass index (BMI), gestational age at scan time, placental position, and weight\u2010normalized umbilical vein blood volume flow (two\u2010tailed <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, analysis of variance [ANOVA] analysis) were tested. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The LRSP for normal and IUGR\/pre\u2010eclamptic pregnancies were 0.141\u2009\u00b1\u20090.180 and \u22120.072\u2009\u00b1\u20090.262 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation), respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.033). We detected differences between normal gestations and combinations of LRSP and weight\u2010normalized umbilical venous blood flows. Placental effects based on LRSPs and blood flow may act synergistically in cases with both pre\u2010eclampsia and IUGR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.014). No other significant associations were seen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this preliminary study, we showed that umbilical venous flow contains markers related to placental maternal\/fetal blood flow, which can be used to assess IUGR and pre\u2010eclampsia. When coupled with umbilical cord blood flow, this new marker may potentially identify the primary causes of the two conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T06:38:52Z","timestamp":1640155132000},"page":"2445-2457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Umbilical Vein Pulse Wave Spectral Analysis: A Possible Method for Placental Assessment Through Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Flow Components"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6643-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Brian","family":"Fowlkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7736-2323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Z.","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie C.","family":"Treadwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver D.","family":"Kripfgans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Uterine artery Doppler flow studies in obstetric practice","volume":"4","author":"Giordano R","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Prenat Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"CD008363","article-title":"Utero\u2010placental Doppler ultrasound for improving pregnancy outcome","author":"Stampalija T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"CD007529","article-title":"Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in high\u2010risk pregnancies","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"CD001450","article-title":"Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in normal pregnancy","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01088-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.06.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","article-title":"Vascular biology of the placenta. 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