{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:30:09Z","timestamp":1747150209075,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD097756\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD097756\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate cardiac size, shape, and ventricular contractility in fetuses with estimated fetal weight (EFW) &lt;10th centile at sea level (Houston).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective ultrasound study examined 37 fetuses with EFW &lt;10th centile at sea level. High\u2010frequency cine clips were used to evaluate the 4\u2010chamber view including end\u2010diastolic measurements and global sphericity index. The size, shape, and contractility of both ventricles were analyzed with speckle tracking methods. <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores were calculated using the mean\u2009\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation (SD) derived from normal controls. Measurements were abnormal if their <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> score values were &lt;\u22121.65 or &gt;+1.65. The proportion of small fetuses with abnormal parameters was compared to normal reference ranges. Results were compared to a similar published study of small fetuses at higher altitude in Denver.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>About one\u2010third of Houston fetuses with EFW &lt;10th centile had enlarged globular shaped 4\u2010chamber hearts with increased right ventricle (RV) area, RV basal\u2010apical length, RV base width, and left ventricle (LV) basal\u2010apical length measurements. Bilateral ventricular hypertrophy was often present. An increased proportion of Houston fetuses had increased ventricular contractility. However, decreased ventricular contractility was more prevalent for higher altitude fetuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Third trimester fetuses at sea level, with an EFW &lt;10th centile, were often associated with enlarged and globular\u2010shaped hearts. They had increased global and longitudinal ventricular contractility as compared to controls. Higher altitude fetuses also had enlarged globular\u2010shaped hearts but with a greater proportion of cases having decreased ventricular contractility as compared to the sea level cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T13:10:48Z","timestamp":1644498648000},"page":"2703-2714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cardiac Size, Shape, and Ventricular Contractility in Fetuses at Sea Level With an Estimated Weight Less\u2010than 10th Centile"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3516-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital  Houston TX 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