{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:46:58Z","timestamp":1762300018489,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the serial grey\u2010scale and color Doppler appearance of ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy in response to the Pfizer\u2010BioNTech Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine over 24 to 28\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data for this study were collected during an observational study to determine whether mRNA vaccination induced a germinal center B cell reaction in blood and draining axillary lymph nodes. The current study evaluated the serial color Doppler and grey\u2010scale sonographic appearance of these lymph nodes. Ten participants who each underwent 6 sonograms and FNAs over 24 to 28\u2009weeks were included in the study. A total of 11 lateral lymph nodes were identified. Cortical thickness was measured and absence or presence of color Doppler flow in the hilum and lymph node cortex was graded (scale: 0\u20132).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven lateral axillary lymph nodes were biopsied over 24 to 28\u2009weeks. Mean thickness varied through time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and was greater weeks 2 to 7 compared to weeks 24 to 28 (mean differences of 2.6 to 1.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.006), but weeks 14 to 17 mean thickness was not different from weeks 24 to 28 (0.57; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.15). Cortical vascularity was increased in all 11 lymph nodes by week 5. Mean vascularity varied through time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and was greater weeks 2 to 14 compared to weeks 24 to 28; mean differences ranged from 1.7 to 0.83 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serial grey\u2010scale and color Doppler appearance of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes after mRNA vaccination manifest as increased and prolonged cortical thickening and vascularity that diminishes and approaches normal by 24 to 28\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1646731167000},"page":"2849-2858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>SARS<\/scp>\u2010<scp>CoV<\/scp>\u20102 <scp>mRNA<\/scp> Vaccination Causes Prolonged Increased Cortical Thickening and Vascularity in Ipsilateral Axillary Lymph Nodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3832-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharlene A.","family":"Teefey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University, Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9869-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William D.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University, Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackson S.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali H.","family":"Ellebedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology &amp; Immunotherapy Programs Washington University, Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Suessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University, Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wallendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"O'Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease\/Internal Medicine Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Presti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease\/Internal Medicine Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University of Medicine Corona Virus Resource Center.https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html. 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SBI recommendations for the management of axillary adenopathy in patients with recent COVID\u201019 vaccination. Society of Breast Imaging Patient Care and Delivery Committee 2021.https:\/\/www.sbi\u2010online.org\/Portals\/0\/Position%20Statements\/2021\/SBI\u2010recommendations\u2010for\u2010managing\u2010axillary\u2010adenopathy\u2010post\u2010COVID\u2010vaccinationpdf. 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