{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:20:57Z","timestamp":1789446057597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using transperineal 3D\/4D ultrasound, we evaluated the prevalence of the various categories of a 4\u2010point pelvic contraction scale among women affected by ovarian endometriosis (OE), deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study was conducted on nulliparous women scheduled for surgery to remove endometriosis, and nulliparous healthy volunteers who did not show any clinical or sonographic signs of endometriosis, who served as controls. Patients were subjected to 3D\/4D transperineal ultrasound obtaining measurements of the antero\u2010posterior diameter (APD), both at rest and during maximal pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction (PFMC). The difference of APD from rest to maximal PFMC was then calculated as percent change from baseline (\u0394APD) and patients were thus categorized using the 4\u2010point pelvic contraction scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred sixty\u2010four patients were considered for the study. Mean difference in APD between relaxed state and maximal PFMC was 23.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9% (range 2.4\u201340.0) in controls, 20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0% (range 0.0\u201337.3) in patients with OE, and 14.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4% (range 0.0\u201337.1) in patients with DIE (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test\u00a0=\u00a019.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt; .001). A significant negative correlation was found between the contraction scale and dyspareunia (rs\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.17, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032), and it appeared to be stronger among patients with DIE (rs\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.076).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PFM function in endometriotic patients could be assessed reliably through this 4\u2010point scale. The rapid identification of women suffering from PFM dysfunction, along with deep dyspareunia, could enable gynecologists to offer them additional therapies, such as PFM rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T13:04:40Z","timestamp":1652101480000},"page":"2973-2979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction in Women Affected by Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: Application of a Quick Contraction Scale"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0448-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Arena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1460-0456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Degli Esposti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Lenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM) Alma Mater Studiorum \u2010 University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Del Forno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3235-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aly","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Seracchioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna 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