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Thereafter, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left anterior artery ligation, and LIFU was performed three times a day for 25\u2009days after MI. Echocardiography, Masson staining, and ELISA were used to evaluate the effect of LIFU on the structure and function of the heart. Finally, ELISA, flow cytometry, qRT\u2010PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the effect of LIFU on the inflammation and the expression of the cholinergic anti\u2010inflammatory pathway (CAP)\u2010related mediators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LIFU reduced heart rate in rats (control vs LIFU, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01), and vagotomy (VT) eliminated this effect of LIFU on heart rate (VT vs LIFU\u2009+\u2009VT, <jats:italic>P\u2009&gt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01). LIFU\u2010ameliorated IHF in terms of cardiac structure and function (MI vs MI\u2009+\u2009LIFU, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01), but VT abrogated the beneficial effect of LIFU (MI\u2009+\u2009VT vs MI\u2009+\u2009LIFU\u2009+\u2009VT, <jats:italic>P\u2009&gt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01). After the treatment of LIFU, decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, increased proportion of anti\u2010inflammatory macrophages, and increased expression of CAP\u2010related mediators (MI vs MI\u2009+\u2009LIFU, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>LIFU ameliorates IHF whereas the CAP plays a promising role. LIFU has the potential to be a novel nonpharmacological and noninvasive therapy for the treatment of coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T11:52:09Z","timestamp":1669722729000},"page":"463-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low\u2010Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ameliorates Ischemic Heart Failure Related to the Cholinergic Anti\u2010Inflammatory Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shenrong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Meizhou People's Hospital  Meizhou 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