{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T05:58:12Z","timestamp":1785045492164,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasonography of the upper airway can be a useful supplement to conventional pre\u2010anesthetic clinical evaluations. However, the reliability of such examinations is highly operator\u2010dependent and proper training in sonoanatomy and ultrasound operational skills are required. The objective of this study aims to assess the minimum training requirements for applying a predefined upper airway scanning protocol in healthy volunteers by anesthesia trainees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two healthy volunteer members of the Operating Room staff participated in the study. A predefined scanning protocol that included the identification of specific structures (hyoid bone, vocal cords, thyrohyoid membrane\/epiglottis\/pre\u2010epiglottic space, cricothyroid membrane, and thyroid gland), as well as the performance of specific measurements (distance from the hyoid bone to skin, anterior commissure to skin, epiglottis to skin, and thyroid isthmus to skin) was taught in a single\u2010day training course. The trainees' competence was assessed after multiple scanning repetitions performed over a week. Mixed effects regression models were applied for the trainee\u2013instructor differences in all ultrasound measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cricothyroid membrane visualization had the lowest success rate (88%). Trainee\u2013instructor differences were statistically significant for hyoid bone\u2010to\u2010skin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and epiglottis\u2010to\u2010skin distances (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.016). Measurement of the distance from the epiglottis to the skin required more scanning repetitions to achieve minimum deviance compared with other measurements. Ten or fewer scanning repetitions were sufficient to achieve minimum deviance for all four measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>At least 10 scanning repetitions of a pre\u2010defined upper airway scanning protocol can be used as the minimum standard for training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T11:14:46Z","timestamp":1685790886000},"page":"2513-2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Training Requirements in Point\u2010of\u2010Care Ultrasonography of the Upper Airway: A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5629-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agathi","family":"Karakosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina  Ioannina Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danai","family":"Pantazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina  Ioannina Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Persefoni","family":"Margariti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Hospital of Ioannina  Ioannina Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Micha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina  Ioannina Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Samara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, 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