{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:24:32Z","timestamp":1790303072939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), conventional therapies can lead to severe side effects and drug resistance. There is a need for alternative treatments that do not cause treatment resistance and have minimal or no side effects. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), due to its noninvasive, multiple repeatability, localized treatment feature and do not cause treatment resistance, emerges as an alternative treatment option. However, it has not received sufficient attention in the treatment of AML especially acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The aim of the study was to investigate the potential differentiation and antileukemic effects of acridine orange (AO)\u2010mediated SDT on HL60 cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell viability was determined by the 3\u2010(4,5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT)\u00a0method in the control, ultrasound, AO concentrations, and ultrasound\u2010exposed AO concentrations groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine morphology, and flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, DNA cycle, cell volume, mitochondria membrane potential (\u0394\u03c8m), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and differentiation markers (CD11b and CD15) expressions. Additionally, toluidine blue staining for semithin sections was used to determine differentiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cytotoxicity of AO\u2010mediated SDT on HL60 cells was significantly higher than other groups, and TEM images showed that it caused various morphological changes typical for apoptosis. Flow cytometry results showed the presence of early apoptosis, subG1 arrest, loss of \u0394\u03c8m, increase of intracellular ROS production, decreased cell volume, and increased expression of CD11b (1.3\u2010fold) antigen and CD15 (1.2\u2010fold) antigen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data showed that AO\u2010mediated SDT significantly induced apoptosis in HL60 cells. Increased expression of CD11b and CD15 antigens and morphological findings demonstrated that AO\u2010mediated SDT contributes to granulocytic differentiation in HL60 cells. AO\u2010mediated SDT has potential as an alternative treatment of APL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T06:18:41Z","timestamp":1726035521000},"page":"15-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Monitoring Apoptosis and Myeloid Differentiation of Acridine Orange\u2010Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy\u2010Induced Human Promyelocytic Leukemia <scp>HL60<\/scp> Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9243-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metin","family":"Caliskan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Usak University  Usak 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