{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T11:03:19Z","timestamp":1772881399278,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Red\u2010blue neurofibromas (RBNs), found in up to 29% of adult neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients, present as red\u2010blue macules measuring 1\u20132\u2009cm in diameter, primarily on the trunk. Despite their prevalence, RBNs often go unnoticed due to their subtle appearance. Ultrasound characterization serves as a diagnostic clue yet lacks comprehensive studies in both adult and pediatric populations. This study aims to define and compare RBNs' prevalence, characteristics, and ultrasound features in adult and pediatric patients with NF1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study involved 118 patients (92 pediatric patients and 26 adults) diagnosed with NF1. Clinical examinations combined with cutaneous ultrasound scans using linear multifrequency probes (L4\u201312t, L10\u201322, ML6\u201315, or L8\u201318\u2009MHz) were performed in order to determine the prevalence, and clinical and sonographic characteristics of RBN in both populations. Statistical analyses were performed using <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests and chi\u2010square tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>RBNs were found in 26.3% (31) of the patients after clinical examination, including 179 lesions. RBN prevalence differed significantly between pediatric (10.9%) and adult (66.7%) patients. Lesions were primarily on the trunk and exhibited similar clinical characteristics. Ultrasound reveals RBNs as hypoechoic, oval lesions with irregular borders. Our results show that pediatric RBNs are typically more superficial and hypoechogenic, while adult RBNs are deeper and more heterogeneous.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound findings showed subtle differences in lesion depth, morphology, and echogenicity between these 2 age\u2010related groups. These changes highlight ultrasound's role in identifying RBNs in patients with NF1 and monitoring their evolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:06:44Z","timestamp":1733998004000},"page":"703-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sonographic Characterization of Red\u2010Blue Neurofibromas in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Oteiza\u2010Rius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4956-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Estenaga P\u00e9rez de Alb\u00e9niz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Hospital Universitario de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0962-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Alfageme Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Cl\u00ednica Dermatol\u00f3gica Internacional  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1640-9621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000327379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"Angiomatous and cerulodermic macules: early cutaneous signs of neurofibromatosis type I","volume":"125","author":"Vabres P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol 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Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.16632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T04:09:06Z","timestamp":1747886946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.16632"}},"subtitle":["An Observational Prospective Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.16632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.16632","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}