{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T04:04:13Z","timestamp":1747973053176,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\u201004097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u201004097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated gripping with high grip forces and high rates of grip force development are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. As the nerve's adaptive ability is crucial to prevent disease progression, we investigated how these risk factors influence median nerve deformation and displacement over the time course of a repeated pinch grip task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen healthy participants performed a repeated grip task against a load cell while their carpal tunnel was scanned with ultrasound. The grip task involved pulp\u2010pinching three consecutive times from 0 to 40% maximal voluntary exertion (MVE), performed at three different rates of force development (RFD): 40% MVE\/1\u2009second; 2\u2009seconds; and 5\u2009seconds. Ultrasound images were analyzed at 10% MVE intervals. Nerve circularity, width, height, and cross\u2010sectional area were measured to assess deformation. Median nerve displacement was assessed by its change in position relative to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the third digit (FD) in both radioulnar and palmodorsal axes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear mixed modeling indicated that median nerve deformation increased, becoming more circular, with each repeated pulp\u2010pinch (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and with grip force magnitude (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). However, a faster RFD decreased nerve deformation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Furthermore, the nerve displaced ulnarly during pulp\u2010pinching, with greater displacement during the fastest (ie, 40% MVE\/1\u2009second) RFD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median nerve deformed and displaced in response to pulp\u2010pinching; however, faster rates of force development hindered this adaptive response. This likely reflects the viscoelastic properties of the healthy nerve and subsynovial connective tissue, highlighting the importance of tissue compliance in preventing nerve compression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T10:44:47Z","timestamp":1734518687000},"page":"727-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Median Nerve Displays Adaptive Characteristics When Exposed to Repeated Pinch Grip Efforts of Varying Rates of Force Development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8812-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Balogh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Center for Rural and Agricultural Health University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3032-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Kociolek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education Nipissing University  North Bay Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193410374412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: a review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Genova A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/118846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60461-3"},{"volume-title":"Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work\u2010Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back","year":"1997","author":"Bernard BP","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-10988-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007779598127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80086-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000239593.55293.c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2012.31.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2016.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2019.10.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1637-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11201-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Rates of carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, and rotator cuff claims in Ontario workers during 1997","volume":"25","author":"Zakaria D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Can"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2024.2312171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.06070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-3023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200604000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)99801-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.16634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T04:09:05Z","timestamp":1747886945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.16634"}},"subtitle":["An Ultrasonic Investigation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.16634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.16634","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-4297"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-9613"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}