{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:57:04Z","timestamp":1782950224876,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated methods of evaluating the bone fracture healing process using superb microvascular imaging (SMI; two modes color SMI [cSMI] and monochromeSMI [mSMI]), and shear wave elastography (SWE), relative to X\u2010ray, dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM\u20101) also know as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD\u201031) staining in a rabbit model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This IACUC\u2010approved study involved eight rabbits that underwent a bilateral fibula osteotomy and were followed for 7 or 21\u2009days (Groups 1 and 2 with 4 rabbits in each). Ultrasound examinations using cSMI, mSMI, and SWE were performed on Days 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21 post\u2010surgery. At the final time point, rabbits had X\u2010ray imaging followed by euthanasia and DXA scan. Finally, the fracture areas underwent decalcification, and specimens were stained with CD\u201031 for pathological analysis. Ultrasound and X\u2010ray findings were compared using ANOVAs or paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests with CD\u201031 stains and DXA was used as a reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing SMI ultrasound images between the last time points for Group 1 (Day 7) and Group 2 (Day 21) showed no statistical significance difference for cSMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.14) and mSMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.06), similarly when compared with CD\u201031 stains there was no statistical significance difference for cSMI in Group 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.13). The SWE ultrasound images from the last time points in Groups 1 and showed no statistical significance difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.33), the same results were then compared with DXA and also showed no statistical significance difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.14). When comparing results of the X\u2010ray images from the last time points for Groups 1 and 2 a statistical significance difference was found (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01), and when X\u2010ray images were compared with DXA there was a statistical significance difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with CD\u201031 stains cSMI on Day 21 was not statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.13). Results comparing SWE with DXA were also not statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.14). These results indicate the potential of using certain ultrasound imaging techniques to monitor the bone fracture healing process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T10:55:50Z","timestamp":1737543350000},"page":"927-933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating Bone Fracture Healing in a Rabbit Model Using Doppler Imaging Modes, Shear Wave Elastography, X\u2010Ray, and Dual\u2010Energy X\u2010Ray Absorptiometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-2986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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