{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T11:04:54Z","timestamp":1761649494740,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) affects &gt;15% of preterm infants. Severe IVH disrupts cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics, causing post\u2010hemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD) and further brain injury. Although lumbar puncture (LP) may reduce CSF volume and intracranial pressure, its effectiveness depends on brain\u2010to\u2010spine CSF flow dynamics and spinal CSF volume, which remain underexplored. This study correlates IVH severity with spinal CSF volume of preterm infants using spinal ultrasound (SUS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study enrolled infants (&lt;33\u2009weeks gestational age [GA]) with head ultrasounds (HUS) done at 7\u201315\u2009days of life. SUS was performed within 2\u2009days of HUS and repeated if another HUS was done. Exclusion criteria were congenital, chromosomal, or spinal anomalies. Using SUS clips, an automated algorithm calculating the proportion of anechoic CSF area within the spinal canal at the L3\u2013L4 intervertebral space, termed the CSF\u2010to\u2010Spinal Canal Index (CSCI) was developed. Clinical data and IVH grades were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five infants (mean GA: 28\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009weeks) were enrolled, with 46 SUS studies performed. We found no correlation between IVH grade and CSCI (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.57). The CSCI did not correlate with birth GA, birth weight, corrected GA, current weight, day of life, and previous 24\u2010hour weight change at the time of SUS. The CSCI decreased after each LP in 4 infants with PHVD. Four infants needed surgical CSF diversion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SUS is a non\u2010invasive method to estimate spinal CSF volume. The lack of correlation with IVH severity suggests multifactorial mechanisms besides previously proposed CSF outflow obstruction. Further research is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of PHVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T09:35:34Z","timestamp":1748424934000},"page":"1773-1781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal Ultrasound Assessment of Correlation Between Intraventricular Hemorrhage Severity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume in Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Belinda","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics University of California Davis Health  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susie","family":"Gleason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric &amp; Neonatal Operation Intermountain Healthcare  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivah","family":"Floyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Imaging Services Intermountain Healthcare  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yogen","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics University of California Davis Health  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.06.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.1.F37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05427-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage","volume":"4","author":"Whitelaw A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.PEDS14322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.6.PEDS16481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000028730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-012-0182-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.16727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T12:24:45Z","timestamp":1757507085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.16727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.16727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.16727","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-4297"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-9613"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}