{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:02:28Z","timestamp":1777388548218,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to investigate the potential use of noninvasive muscle ultrasound (US) for detecting early\u2010developing insulin resistance and lower muscle mass in adults with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty subjects with obesity, without type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes (mean body mass index [BMI] 34.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, mean age 33\u2009years, 65% male), and 5 healthy lean controls (mean BMI 21.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, mean age 27\u2009years, 40% male) underwent US examinations of their deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles. Two trained research assistants each independently analyzed the 300 US images, blinded to subject demographics and study cohorts, measuring muscle echo intensity (MEI). In the obese cohort, peripheral insulin sensitivity was evaluated using hyperinsulinemic\u2010euglycemic clamps, and dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry was performed to assess body composition and calculate sarcopenia indices. Statistical significance was defined as <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The obese cohort demonstrated significantly higher vastus lateralis and deltoid MEI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), with increased MEI effectively identifying insulin resistance and impaired insulin sensitivity. There was excellent interobserver agreement in MEI assessments for both the deltoid (95% confidence interval [CI] of intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.96\u20130.997) and vastus lateralis muscles (95% CI of ICC: 0.986\u20130.999). Furthermore, MEI negatively correlated with muscle mass, as indicated by sarcopenia indices (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.76, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and did not positively correlate with BMI or body weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle US has the potential to be a simple, accurate, noninvasive, inexpensive, and radiation\u2010free tool for detecting developing insulin resistance and lower muscle mass in at\u2010risk individuals. This tool could have tremendous clinical impact by enabling earlier and more aggressive targeted interventions in metabolic and muscle dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T02:15:08Z","timestamp":1749780908000},"page":"1883-1892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Muscle Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4034-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven B.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia K.","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Leuteneker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Becca","family":"Tuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0315-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzette M.","family":"Howton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Buras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey F.","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School 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