{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:11:26Z","timestamp":1788959486843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in response to rapid high\u2010altitude exposure and identify hemodynamic characteristics of CVR impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcranial color\u2010coded duplex sonography (TCCD) and breath\u2010holding tests were used to assess CBF in rapid high\u2010altitude entrants (n\u2009=\u200964, 26\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009years) and long\u2010term residents (n\u2009=\u200966, 25\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009years). The breath\u2010holding test can alter CBF through the dilation of intracranial small vessels, and the breath\u2010holding index (BHI) can be utilized to quantify the changes in CBF associated with vasodilation. With reference to prior research, participants were stratified into normal and impaired CVR groups based on a BHI threshold of &lt;0.69. CBF parameters (PSV [peak systolic flow velocity], MV [mean flow velocity], EDV [end diastolic flow velocity], PI [pulsatility index], RI [resistance index]) were measured at rest and during breath\u2010holding before and after ascent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No resting CBF differences were observed between CVR\u2010normal and impaired groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Post\u2010ascent breath\u2010holding revealed significant CBF alterations in the impaired group, including decreased EDV and MV and increased PI and RI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The normal group showed elevated PSV (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05), while the impaired group exhibited higher vascular resistance and lower EDV compared to long\u2010term residents (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased cerebrovascular resistance and reduced EDV are the primary hemodynamic characteristics of high\u2010altitude CVR impairment. Individual variations in hypoxia sensitivity likely play a significant role in cerebrovascular adaptations to high\u2010altitude exposure, highlighting the importance of CBF regulation in preventing high\u2010altitude\u2010related cerebral injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T06:05:18Z","timestamp":1755324318000},"page":"2311-2320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasound Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Upon Rapid Exposure to Hypoxic High\u2010Altitude Environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siguo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Air Force Medical Center Air Force Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Air Force Medical Center Air Force Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Air Force Medical Center Air Force Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of 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University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Physiological Research Section, Air Force Medical Center Air Force Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Air Force Medical Center Air Force Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of 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