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Phases of interest included: early follicular (1\u20136\u2009days following menses onset), late follicular (1\u20137\u2009days prior to ovulation in the presence of a dominant follicle), early luteal (1\u20137\u2009days following ovulation), and late luteal (1\u20137\u2009days prior to the onset of menses). Diagnostic accuracy (area under the ROC curve [AUC], sensitivity [Se], specificity [Sp]) of mean, maximum, and contralateral (ovary without dominant follicle or corpus luteum) sonographic measures for follicle number per ovary (FNPO), follicle number per single section (FNPS), and ovarian volume (OV) at each phase were determined. DeLong tests determined differences in diagnostic accuracy across phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FNPO, FNPS, and OV all had significant diagnostic accuracy for PCOS across menstrual cycle phases. OV\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      had the highest diagnostic accuracy for PCOS in the early follicular phase (AUC\u2009=\u20090.87, Se\u2009=\u200965%, Sp\u2009=\u200995%), whereas OV\n                      <jats:sub>contralateral<\/jats:sub>\n                      had the highest accuracy in both the early (AUC\u2009=\u20090.81, Se\u2009=\u200962%, Sp\u2009=\u200992%) and late luteal phases (AUC\u2009=\u20090.93, Se\u2009=\u2009100%, Sp\u2009=\u200970%). OV\n                      <jats:sub>contralateral<\/jats:sub>\n                      outperformed all other measures in the late luteal phase (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonographic evaluations for PCOS may be performed across the menstrual cycle. The presence of a dominant follicle in the late follicular phase did not impact the performance of ovarian markers for PCOS status. By contrast, polycystic ovarian morphology is best defined in the luteal phase by assessments of FNPO and OV in the contralateral ovary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T12:21:27Z","timestamp":1756297287000},"page":"115-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utility of Polycystic Ovarian Morphology on Ultrasonography Across Menstrual Cycle Phases to Aid in the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (\n                    <scp>PCOS<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Faith E.","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University  Ithaca New York 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