{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:11:52Z","timestamp":1778112712325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication observed during pregnancy, with its global prevalence increasing in recent years. GDM has been linked to adverse myocardial remodeling in the fetus and impaired fetal cardiac function. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of GDM on fetal global cardiac function using dual\u2010gate Doppler ultrasound (DD) technology, and to investigate the potential benefits and advantages of DD technology in assessing fetal cardiac function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A cohort consisting of 56 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus between 24 and 28\u2009weeks of gestation (\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n group) was selected, alongside a control group of 55 pregnant women with normal glucose levels at the same gestational age. Both the conventional pulsed combined method and the dual\u2010gate (\n DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) method were utilized to evaluate the ultrasound parameters of fetal global cardiac function in both groups. These parameters included isovolumic contraction time (\n ICT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), isovolumic relaxation time (\n IRT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and ejection time (\n ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), from which the Tei index was subsequently calculated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n ICT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n IRT<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and Tei index of the left heart in the\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n group were significantly elevated compared to the control group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). Although\n ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n group, as assessed by the combined method, demonstrated a decreasing trend, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u2009.05). Conversely, the\n ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n determined by the\n DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n method in the\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). Right ventricular Tei index measurements showed poor consistency, with intraobserver\n ICCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n of 0.56 for the separated measurement and 0.58 for the\n DD<\/jats:styled-content>\n method, and interobserver\n ICCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n of 0.50 and 0.53. As a result, right ventricular Tei indices were excluded from the final analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Pregnant women with\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n will cause an increase in the Tei index of the fetal left global cardiac function, indicating that the intrauterine hyperglycemic environment can cause damage to the global fetal cardiac function. The global fetal cardiac function was impaired in both the well\u2010controlled and poorly controlled\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups, suggesting that early detection of\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the fetal cardiac dysfunction caused by\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n are necessary. The measurement of the Tei index of the left heart in the fetus using dual\u2010gate Doppler technology can help detect the fetal cardiac dysfunction caused by\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n at an early stage, while the application of dual\u2010gate Doppler technology in the overall cardiac function of the right heart still faces significant challenges.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T04:29:23Z","timestamp":1767155363000},"page":"1181-1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Application of Dual\u2010Gate Doppler Technology in Evaluating the Fetal Cardiac Global Function of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Qingsha","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fugang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5303-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9900-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2020.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2024.106168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1394885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1176-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1334047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1489534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01821-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951119001884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X18666211227145856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1600-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1410536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.07079"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.70151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jum.70151","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.70151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T23:32:34Z","timestamp":1778110354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.70151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.70151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.70151","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}