{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:19:44Z","timestamp":1791922784048,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R03EB032464\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03EB032464\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study focused on determining if ultrasound therapy could stimulate and control the function of the thyroid gland, specifically the synthesis and release of metabolic hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in a physiologically relevant ex vivo model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excised thyroid glands obtained from healthy adult Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were diced into sections and placed in wells containing 1\u2009mL of Krebs Ringer Buffer with 5\u2009mmol glucose. Continuous, unfocused ultrasound was applied at 1\u2009W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for 5\u2009minutes at frequencies of 600\u2009kHz, 800\u2009kHz, and 1\u2009MHz using a circular planar transducer positioned at the near field\u2013far field transition distance. Samples were collected at time points 0, 5, and 35\u2009minutes after ultrasound sonication. T3 and T4 concentrations were analyzed using competitive enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays, and histological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no statistically significant difference in T4 or T3 release between the ultrasound treated and sham treated samples at any combination of frequency and time point tested (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.05 for all comparisons). Histological analysis revealed no structural abnormalities or gross microscopic changes in ultrasound\u2010treated samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Unlike previous studies demonstrating ultrasound\u2010stimulated insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, therapeutic ultrasound at the tested parameters did not stimulate T3 or T4 release from\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      thyroid tissue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T07:32:16Z","timestamp":1776497536000},"page":"2039-2050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Therapeutic Ultrasound on Metabolic Hormone Release From Thyroid Gland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9473-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabyasachi","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biochemistry The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9350-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Jeremic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7572-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Zderic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington University  Washington DC 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