{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:39:38Z","timestamp":1792442378840,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonography is increasingly the preferred method for infant hip screening to enable timely diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, its reliance on experienced specialists and bulky equipment limits its application in routine screening, particularly in resource\u2010limited and remote settings. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence wireless handheld ultrasound hip diagnostic system (AI\u2010HUDs) for accurate and robust DDH diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An AI\u2010HUDs was developed to automatically identify and analyze 6 key anatomical landmarks in static and dynamic hip ultrasound images, employing the Graf method to measure \u03b1 and \u03b2 angles. The dataset comprised 1192 ultrasound images and 498 dynamic videos. The YOLOv8 model was trained and tested to construct AI\u2010HUDs. Evaluation focused on the consistency between AI\u2010HUDs' automatic angle measurements and manual measurements by experts using traditional ultrasound equipment. Additionally, 104 hip ultrasound videos from 52 infants were acquired by a resident physician using AI\u2010HUDs, while corresponding static images were manually measured by ultrasound experts to assess agreement between novice\u2010operated AI\u2010HUDs and expert manual assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with expert manual measurements, the AI\u2010HUDs demonstrated good performance in static mode: the differences in \u03b1 and \u03b2 angles exhibited standard deviations of 1.38\u00b0 and 2.14\u00b0, and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 1.05\u00b0 and 1.65\u00b0, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.82 (\u03b1) and 0.64 (\u03b2). In dynamic mode, the MAEs increased slightly to 1.18\u00b0 (\u03b1) and 1.86\u00b0 (\u03b2), while the ICCs decreased to 0.77 for \u03b1 and 0.51 for \u03b2. When operated by the resident physician, AI\u2010HUDs maintained good performance with expert manual measurements: MAEs were 1.16\u00b0 (\u03b1) and 1.91\u00b0 (\u03b2); ICCs were 0.69 (\u03b1) and 0.61 (\u03b2). Bland\u2013Altman analysis showed 96.15% (\u03b1) and 95.19% (\u03b2) of data points within the limits of agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI\u2010HUDs demonstrated high reliability and accuracy in automatically measuring \u03b1 and \u03b2 angles. Resident physicians using this system achieved diagnostic performance comparable to experts. AI\u2010HUDs show promise as a convenient DDH screening tool in resource\u2010scarce regions, potentially facilitating wider adoption of infant hip ultrasound screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:07:58Z","timestamp":1781874478000},"page":"2329-2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Artificial Intelligence\u2010Assisted Wireless Handheld Ultrasound for Screening Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dandan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simiao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1300-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuxiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoying","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"1669","article-title":"Preventive health care, 2001 update: screening and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns","volume":"164","author":"Patel H","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B6.35395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0132-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8020104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2066-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00450934"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173040-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.155.4.2119119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.033597"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Is DDH still a problem?","volume":"2","author":"Graf R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106823"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3087857"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51160-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-211197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxad013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35603-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.7.1307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14829"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.154.rg2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2020.0223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000348"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B11.35286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2004.10764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.85b5.13893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3087494"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3093649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12061423"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70020"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.70318","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jum.70318","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jum.70318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:05:16Z","timestamp":1789531516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jum.70318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jum.70318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.70318","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}