{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:20:58Z","timestamp":1791901258947,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the major cause of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with poor prognosis. The oncogenic role of Nicotinamide N\u2010methyltransferase (NNMT) in GC has been reported, but the role of secreted NNMT that is transported by exosomes remains unknown. In this study, exosomes were isolated from GC patients with or without PM and from GC cell line, including GC\u2010114, GC\u2010026, MKN45, and SNU\u201016 cells. The contents of NNMT were significantly enhanced in exosomes isolated from GC patients with PM compared with those from GC patients without PM. Furthermore, the levels of NNMT were significantly enhanced in exosomes from GC cell lines relative to those from normal human gastric epithelial cell line GES\u20101 cells. These data indicate that NNMT may be involved in intercellular communication for peritoneal dissemination. Moreover, colocalization of GC\u2010derived exosomal NNMT was found in human peritoneal mesothelial cell line HMrSV5 cells. Additionally, relative to GES\u20101 exosomes, SNU\u201016 exosomes significantly activated TGF\u2010\u03b2\/smad2 signaling in HMrSV5 cells. However, when NNMT was silenced, the activation of TGF\u2010\u03b2\/smad2 by SNU\u201016 exosomes was abolished in HMrSV5 cells. We propose that NNMT\u2010containing exosomes derived from GC cells could promote peritoneal metastasis via TGF\u2010\u03b2\/smad2 signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T21:27:39Z","timestamp":1611869259000},"page":"305-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Exosomal\n                    <scp>NNMT<\/scp>\n                    from peritoneum lavage fluid promotes peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"A\u2010Kao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Qiang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong\u2010Chao","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3112-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Cheng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037284"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28373"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-019-00978-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-019-00969-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.31787"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10869"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S231846"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"4467","article-title":"Plasma exosome\u2010encapsulated microRNA\u201021 and microRNA\u201092a are promising biomarkers for the prediction of peritoneal recurrence in patients with gastric cancer","volume":"18","author":"Soeda 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biomarker for worse prognosis in gastric carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Chen C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-018-0838-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1761-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.2016.1147348"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005763"}],"container-title":["The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical 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