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This study investigated the influence of TGFB1 genetic polymorphisms on cognitive function in individuals with and without hepatitis infections, hypothesizing that these polymorphisms and the viral hepatitis\u2010induced inflammatory environment interact to affect cognitive abilities. Participants (173 with viral hepatitis and 258 healthy controls) were recruited. Genotyping of TGFB1 SNPs was performed using the C2\u201058 Axiom Genome\u2010Wide TWB 2.0 Array Plate. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE and MoCA tests. Our results showed that healthy individuals carrying the C allele of rs2241715 displayed better performance in sentence writing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020) and language tasks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). Notably, viral hepatitis was found to moderate the impact of the rs2241715 genotype on language function (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). Similarly, those carrying the T allele of rs10417924 demonstrated superior orientation to time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), with viral hepatitis modifying the influence of the SNP on this particular cognitive function (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010). Our findings underscore the significant role of TGF\u03b21 in cognitive function and the moderating impact of viral hepatitis on TGFB1 SNP effects. These findings illuminate the potential of TGFB1 as a therapeutic target for cognitive impairment induced by viral hepatitis, thus broadening our understanding of TGF\u03b21 functionality in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T10:39:41Z","timestamp":1720262381000},"page":"852-861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Viral hepatitis moderates the impact of TGFB1 on neurocognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010Chia","family":"Tsao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung 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