{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:35:04Z","timestamp":1789662904302,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis and asthma are two prevalent chronic allergic conditions in children. Linarin, a glycosylated flavonoid derived from various plants, exhibits a wide range of biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of linarin against allergic rhinitis and asthma. In\u00a0vitro models of allergic rhinitis and asthma were established using human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS\u20102B), respectively. Linarin treatment inhibited histamine\u2010induced increases in the expression levels of p\u2010p65 and p\u2010I\u03baB\u03b1 in whole\u2010cell lysates, as well as p65 in nuclear lysates. The histamine\u2010induced activation of MAPK pathways was suppressed by linarin, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation ratios of ERK (pERK\/ERK), JNK (pJNK\/JNK), and p38 (pp38\/p38). ELISA results further revealed that linarin attenuated histamine\u2010induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and MCP\u20101. Western blot and RT\u2010PCR analyses showed that linarin reversed histamine\u2010induced MUC5AC upregulation and AQP5 downregulation. Notably, the inhibitory effects of linarin were potentiated in the presence of specific inhibitors targeting NF\u2010\u03baB (PDTC), ERK (U0126), p38 (SB203580), and JNK (SP600125). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that linarin suppresses histamine\u2010induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, MUC5AC upregulation, and AQP5 downregulation in human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. These effects are mediated through the inhibition of the NF\u2010\u03baB and MAPK pathways. Thus, linarin may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:14:33Z","timestamp":1758860073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Linarin on Histamine\u2010Induced Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Mucin\n                    <scp>5AC<\/scp>\n                    , and Aquaporin 5 in Human Nasal and Bronchial Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Xin\u2010Jing","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Dalian Rehabilitation and Convalescent Center of Joint Logistics Support Unit  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6734-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian\u2010Qiang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Skills Teaching Center Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"The Indirect Costs of Allergic Diseases","volume":"32","author":"Strozek J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental 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