{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:18:10Z","timestamp":1791987490308,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pediatric asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease, where accurate assessment of disease severity and prognosis prediction is crucial for treatment decisions. Currently, there is a lack of precise and effective biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of lipocalin\u20102 (LCN2), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) with asthma severity and to evaluate their predictive value for prognosis. A total of 110 asthmatic children (asthma group) were enrolled and stratified by severity into mild (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200950), moderate (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200934), and severe (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200926) subgroups. After 4\u2009weeks of treatment, the asthma group was further divided into good prognosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200948) and poor prognosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200964) subgroups based on Childhood Asthma Control Test (C\u2010ACT) scores. Additionally, 110 healthy children were randomly selected as controls. Serum LCN2, sST2, and FGF21 levels were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical data and pulmonary function parameters were collected. Spearman correlation analysis assessed the relationship between biomarker levels and C\u2010ACT scores. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for poor prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the predictive performance of LCN2, sST2, and FGF21 for poor prognosis. Serum LCN2, sST2, and FGF21 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic children than in controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with levels progressively elevating as disease severity increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The good prognosis group exhibited lower levels of all three biomarkers compared to the poor prognosis group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Spearman analysis revealed negative correlations between biomarker levels and C\u2010ACT scores (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed LCN2, sST2, and FGF21 as independent risk factors for poor prognosis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). ROC analysis demonstrated moderate predictive efficacy for individual biomarkers, while their combination achieved an area under the curve of 0.938, with 93.33% sensitivity and 90.00% specificity, suggesting potential clinical utility for severity assessment and prognosis prediction. Serum LCN2, sST2, and FGF21 levels increase with asthma severity and demonstrate high predictive value for poor prognosis when combined. These biomarkers may serve as early prognostic indicators in pediatric asthma management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.70137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T11:52:33Z","timestamp":1763034753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Potential Biomarkers for Disease Stratification and Prognosis Prediction in Pediatric Asthma:\n                    <scp>LCN2<\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>sST2<\/scp>\n                    \u00a0and\n                    <scp>FGF21<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7394-1556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Xin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Cheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00785-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.913761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01326-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20018525.2017.1356160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9155080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.850517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05261-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.job.2025.100624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0755-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12117-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.03.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0872-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1089214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00973-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01778-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Guideline for the Diagnosis and Optimal Management of Asthma in Children (2016)","volume":"54","author":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases SoPCMA, Editorial Board CJoP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01450-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1719467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00416.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl8146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02222-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Assessment of the Role of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase\u2010Associated Lipocalin in Egyptian Childhood Bronchial Asthma: One Centre Study","volume":"27","author":"Allam A. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2023.2244579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.10-RAI-0186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(2002010)32:10<2979::AID-IMMU2979>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13388"}],"container-title":["The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/kjm2.70137","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/kjm2.70137","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/kjm2.70137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1780635652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/kjm2.70137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/kjm2.70137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/kjm2.70137","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1607-551X","2410-8650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1607-551X","type":"print"},{"value":"2410-8650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70137"}}