{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:14:11Z","timestamp":1788779651080,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8M0321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8M0321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Few prediction models have been specifically designed to evaluate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. This study aimed to develop a machine learning\u2010based prediction model to assess the risk of developing HCC in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)\u2010related cirrhosis undergoing nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. We included 1592 patients with HBV\u2010related cirrhosis who had received entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide for at least 1\u2009year. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio into derivation or validation groups, and the prediction model was developed using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The cumulative incidence of HCC for all patients at 5, 8, and 10\u2009years was 15.2%, 22.7%, and 25.7%, respectively. Our ML\u2010HCC model incorporated six parameters: serum albumin and platelet count at treatment initiation, and age, platelet count, serum aspartate transaminase, and serum AFP after 1\u2009year of NA therapy. In the validation group, the AUROCs of the ML\u2010HCC model ranged from 0.79 to 0.80 over 3 to 10\u2009years, outperforming extant models including APA\u2010B, PLAN\u2010B, PAGE\u2010B, mPAGE\u2010B, REACH\u2010B, and CU\u2010HCC (AUROCs: 0.61\u20130.73,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Risk stratification showed the 10\u2010year incidences of HCC for the low\u2010, intermediate\u2010, and high\u2010risk groups were 9%, 26%, and 67%, respectively. The proposed machine learning model for predicting development of HCC exhibited good predictive performance in patients with HBV\u2010related cirrhosis undergoing NA therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.70290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:05:41Z","timestamp":1788779141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine Learning Model for Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus\u2010Related Cirrhosis Receiving Antiviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pao\u2010Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9502-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng\u2010Syu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Yuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruei\u2010Hau","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00386-7","article-title":"Global Reporting of Progress Towards Elimination of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C","volume":"8","author":"Cui F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-007-9225-8","article-title":"Hepatitis B Viral Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"15","author":"Lin C. L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26180","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Entecavir Treatment Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"58","author":"Hosaka T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800","article-title":"Update on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 Hepatitis B Guidance","volume":"67","author":"Terrault N. 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