{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:22:56Z","timestamp":1792509776877,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are various anatomic risk factors for patellofemoral instability (PFI) that help guide surgical treatment, including the tibial tubercle to trochlear groove (TT\u2010TG) distance. However, no study has analysed the temporal changes in TT\u2010TG prior to surgical intervention. This study sought to understand the variations in TT\u2010TG over time for pediatric patients suffering from PFI prior to surgical intervention. The authors hypothesised that the TT\u2010TG would substantially change between time points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction between 2014 and 2019 by one of two fellowship\u2010trained orthopaedic surgeons were identified. Patients were included if they had two preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed on the same knee within 7.5 months of each other prior to any surgical intervention and had an initial TT\u2010TG greater than 10\u2009mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After considering 251 patients for inclusion, 21 patients met the final inclusion criteria. The mean age was 14.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5 years and 61.9% were female. TT\u2010TG was initially noted to be 15.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u2009mm. At mean time after\u00a0sequential MRIs of 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 months, TT\u2010TG was noted to be 16.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2\u2009mm. The differences between initial and subsequent TT\u2010TG ranged from a 21.2% decrease to a 61.1% increase, with a mean difference of an 11.3% increase. Comparison between initial and subsequent TT\u2010TG values demonstrated a significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). Change in tibiofemoral rotation ranged from \u22129.2\u00b0 to 7.5\u00b0. When comparing the change in TT\u2010TG to change in tibiofemoral rotation, a significant correlation was found (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite only a mean time between MRIs of 5 months, variations in TT\u2010TG ranged from a decrease of 21.2% to an increase of 61.1%. The significant relationship between the changes in TT\u2010TG and changes in tibiofemoral rotation between MRIs suggest that TT\u2010TG measurements may vary due to variations in tibiofemoral rotation at the time of individual MRIs.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>\n                      : Level IV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T03:40:45Z","timestamp":1706672445000},"page":"295-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Measurement of TT\u2010TG can change with sequential MRIs due to variations in tibiofemoral rotation in patellofemoral instability patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Pascual\u2010Leone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryann","family":"Davie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua T.","family":"Bram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas N.","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Fabricant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7286-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06382-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2022.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211037716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517732045"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"829","article-title":"Effects of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction on patellar tracking","volume":"20","author":"Sandmeier R.H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of 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