{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:01:43Z","timestamp":1785765703566,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implant\u2010mediated guided growth (IMGG) is used to address coronal plane deformity in skeletally immature patients. Few studies have reported on IMGG and simultaneous medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for paediatric patients with concurrent genu valgum and patellofemoral instability (PFI). This study aimed to report on the outcomes of these simultaneous procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective review of paediatric patients undergoing simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG between 2016 and 2023. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle angle (HKA)\u00a0and mechanical axis deviation (MAD) were measured on full\u2010length hip\u2010to\u2010ankle plain radiographs. Measurements were taken preoperatively, prior to implant removal and\/or at final follow\u2010up with minimum 1\u2010year clinical follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 25 extremities in 22 patients (10 female) underwent simultaneous IMGG and MPFL reconstruction. The mean age at surgery was 12.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 years. The mean duration of implant retention was 18.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3 months. Nineteen extremities (76%) underwent implant removal by final follow\u2010up. Preoperative HKA corrected from a mean of 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00b0 to \u22120.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u00b0 at implant removal or final follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with mLDFA and MAD similarly improving (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). HKA corrected a mean of 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u00b0 per month, while mLDFA and MAD corrected a mean of 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00b0\/month and 2\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009mm\/month, respectively. At the time of implant removal or final follow\u2010up, 88% of patients demonstrated alignment within 5\u00b0\u00a0of neutral. Only one extremity experienced subsequent PFI (4%). For 14 patients who underwent implant removal with further imaging at a mean of 7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9 months, only one patient (7%) had a valgus rebound to an HKA\u2009&gt;\u20095\u00b0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG provided successful correction of lower extremity malalignment with only one recurrence of PFI. This approach is a reliable surgical option for skeletally immature patients with genu valgum and PFI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level 4 case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T06:40:33Z","timestamp":1710225633000},"page":"1105-1112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and guided growth result\u00a0in low rates of recurrent patellofemoral instability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Joshua T.","family":"Bram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia C.","family":"Tracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Lijesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don T.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Retzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Fabricant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7286-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York 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