{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:19:50Z","timestamp":1793578790375,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medial collateral ligament of the ankle, or deltoid ligament, can be injured in up to 40% of patients who sustain an ankle inversion sprain. Reporting injuries of the deltoid ligament is not easy due to confusion in the current anatomical descriptions, with up to 16 fascicles described, with variable frequencies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the deltoid ligament.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two fresh\u2010frozen ankle specimens were used for this study. Careful dissection was undergone until full visualization of the deltoid ligament was achieved and measurements taken.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The deltoid ligament was found to have four constant fascicles in two layers. The superficial layer consists of the tibionavicular, tibiospring and tibiocalcaneal fascicles, while the deep layer consists of the tibiotalar fascicle. Measurements of these fascicles are given in detail. The tibiotalar fascicle and the anterior part of the tibionavicular fascicle were found to be intra\u2010articular structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The deltoid ligament has a constant number of fascicles divided into a superficial and a deep layer. This clarification of the anatomy and terminology of the deltoid ligament and its fascicles will help clinical view, diagnosis and (interdoctor)communication and treatment. The ligamentous fibres of the deep layer, as well as the anterior fibres of the superficial layer (tibionavicular fascicle) are intra\u2010articular, which could negatively impact its healing capacity, explaining chronicity of these types of injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not applicable (cadaveric study).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1715936377000},"page":"3065-3075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The deltoid ligament is constantly formed by four fascicles reaching the navicular, spring ligament complex, calcaneus and talus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-698X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miki","family":"Dalmau\u2010Pastor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"MIFAS By GRECMIP (Minimally Invasive Foot and Ankle Society) Merignac France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Malagelada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, The Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Guelfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery \u201cGruppo Policlinico Di Monza\u201d Clinica Salus Alessandria Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gino","family":"Kerkhoffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Collaboration for Health &amp; Safety in Sports (ACHSS) International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Calder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fortius Clinic London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"MIFAS By GRECMIP (Minimally Invasive Foot and Ankle Society) Merignac France"},{"name":"iMove Traumatology Tres Torres Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638040-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715572221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05794-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05603-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801901002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300031601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0000000000000044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719879673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1580617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200010000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714535766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677908989759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678308992867"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.11.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"Astragalo\u2010calcaneo\u2010navicular joint","volume":"30","author":"Smith E.B.","year":"1896","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy And Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06089-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-014-0238-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22793"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2018.04"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.12173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:35:38Z","timestamp":1760873738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ksa.12173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ksa.12173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.12173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]}}}