{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T10:55:24Z","timestamp":1771671324398,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conservative treatment remains the standard approach for first\u2010time patellar dislocations. While risk factors for patellofemoral instability, a common paediatric injury, are well\u2010established in adults, data concerning the progression of paediatric recurrent patellar dislocation remain scarce. A reproducible method was developed to quantitatively assess the patellofemoral morphology and anatomic risk factors in paediatric patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and machine learning analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were analyzed from a retrospective review (2005\u20132022) of paediatric patients diagnosed with acute lateral patellar dislocation (54 patients) who underwent MRI and were compared with an age\u2010based control group (54 patients). Patellofemoral, tibial, tibiofemoral and patellar height parameters were measured. Differences between groups were analyzed with respect to MRI parameters. The potential diagnostic utility of the parameters was assessed via machine learning and genetic algorithm analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were observed between the two groups in six patellofemoral morphological parameters. Regarding patellar height morphological parameters, all methods exhibited significant between\u2010group differences. Among the tibia and tibiofemoral morphological parameters, only the tibial tubercle\u2013trochlear groove distance exhibited significant differences between the two groups. No sex\u2010related differences were present. Significant variations were observed in patellar height parameters, particularly in the Koshino\u2013Sugimoto (KS) index, which had the highest area under the curve (AUC: 0.87). Using genetic algorithms and logistic regression, our model excelled with seven key independent variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>KS index and Wiberg index had the strongest association with lateral patellar dislocation. An optimized logistic regression model achieved an AUC of 0.934. Such performance is considered clinically relevant, indicating the model's effectiveness for the intended application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level \u2162.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T03:29:35Z","timestamp":1721532575000},"page":"487-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Application of a machine learning and optimization method to predict patellofemoral instability risk factors in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Hae","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjae","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Gon","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Joint Reconstruction Center, Yonsei Sarang Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaal M.","family":"Aldosari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Al Noor Specialist Hospital Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Hoon","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Skyve R&amp;D LAB Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung\u2010Tak","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Skyve R&amp;D LAB Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06581-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516663498"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.59b2.873986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Patella infera. 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