{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T20:54:37Z","timestamp":1789937677144,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to report the parameter characteristics of the femoral anteversion angle (FAA) and tibial tubercle\u2013trochlear groove (TT\u2010TG) distance in patients with patellar instability compared to healthy individuals and to evaluate their reliability in predicting patellar dislocation, providing potential indications for osteotomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective collection of consecutive patients with patellar instability constituted the study group, while individuals without patellofemoral disorder served as the control group. Measurement of the FAA and TT\u2010TG distance were conducted by lower extremity computed tomography scans and knees with true patellar dislocation were recorded. The diagnostic capability of the FAA and TT\u2010TG distance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC), determining the pathological values by sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FAA (21.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0\u00b0) and TT\u2010TG distance (20.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009mm) in the study group were significantly greater than the control group (10.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9\u00b0 and 15.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u2009mm, respectively) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The AUCs for patellar dislocation were 0.869 for FAA and 0.712 for TT\u2010TG distance, with pathological cut\u2010off values of 18.2\u00b0 and 18.2\u2009mm, respectively. The odds ratios for FAA and TT\u2010TG distance were 1.185 and 1.125, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with patellar instability exhibited significantly greater FAA and TT\u2010TG distance compared to healthy individuals. The FAA demonstrated superior predictive capability for patellar dislocation compared to the TT\u2010TG distance. The FAA (&gt;18.2\u00b0) measured by surgical transepicondylar axis and TT\u2010TG distance (&gt;18.2\u2009mm) were the potential pathological thresholds. Additionally, an increase of 1\u00b0 in FAA and 1\u2009mm in TT\u2010TG distance was associated with a 18.5% and 12.5% increased risk of patellar dislocation, respectively. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of patellar dislocation associated with rotational malalignment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T04:20:19Z","timestamp":1726633219000},"page":"1721-1727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Femoral anteversion angle is more advantageous than TT\u2010TG distance in evaluating patellar dislocation: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4672-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haohao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03725-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"[Patella infera. 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