{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:25:10Z","timestamp":1778250310479,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent shoulder instability, a common musculoskeletal disorder, often involves glenoid bone loss and Hill\u2013Sachs lesions. However, the optimal imaging modality for accurately and reliably quantifying bipolar bone loss remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of various imaging modalities in assessing bipolar bone loss in anterior shoulder instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Major electronic databases were searched for English\u2010language studies reporting the measurement of glenoid track width and\/or determination of on\/off track HSL through imaging. Studies reporting statistical measures such as area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, NPV, intraobserver reliability and interobserver reliability were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The systematic review included 19 studies comprising 1567 shoulders. Overall, studies could be divided into those looking at the accuracy or reliability of determining glenoid track width, on\u2010 or off\u2010track Hill\u2013Sachs lesions and near\u2010track lesions. Three\u2010dimensional images of computed tomography (3D\u2010CT) was the most reliable and accurate imaging modality to measure the glenoid track width. On the opposite, two\u2010dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (2D\u2010MRI) did not provide enough evidence of accuracy and reliability in the determination of On\/Off track lesions and near\u2010track lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D\u2010CT demonstrated excellent reliability for measuring glenoid track width. However, the reliability of 2D\u2010MRI for determining on\/off track Hill\u2013Sachs lesions is still controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T01:43:16Z","timestamp":1730770996000},"page":"1844-1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Accuracy and reliability of imaging modalities for studying bipolar bone loss in anterior shoulder instability: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Adriani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia 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