{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:59:36Z","timestamp":1788562776600,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deepening trochleoplasty improves outcomes in patients with trochlear dysplasia. The aim of this systematic review was to present the outcomes after open thin\u2010flap, open thick\u2010flap and arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Literature was searched in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases on 16 December 2024. All studies from the inception of the databases to the date of the search were included in the search. Studies were included if they examined patients with patellar instability and trochlear dysplasia treated with either open or arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty and reported pre\u2010 and post\u2010operative outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text and performed the quality assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 32 studies, consisting of 1435 trochleoplasty cases in 1310 patients, were included. Of the included studies, 21 concerned open thin\u2010flap trochleoplasty, 8 concerned open thick\u2010flap trochleoplasty and 3 concerned arthroscopic trochleoplasty. The most used patient\u2010reported outcome measures were the Kujala score, International Knee Documentation Committee score, visual analogue scale pain score, Lysholm Knee Score and Tegner Activity Scale; and the most reported radiological outcome measures were trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear bump, trochlear depth, tibial tubercle\u2010trochlear groove distance, Caton\u2013Deschamps index and patellar tilt. All three trochleoplasty techniques lead to improvements in post\u2010operative outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deepening trochleoplasty improves post\u2010operative outcome using both open thin\u2010flap, open thick\u2010flap and arthroscopic deepening technique. Comparison between the techniques is challenging due to low methodological quality of studies. Further research is needed to document treatment effect and improve patient outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T07:55:02Z","timestamp":1742198102000},"page":"34-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Open and arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty improves post\u2010operative outcomes: A systematic review of the literature reveals lack of comparability between techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8869-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe","family":"H\u00f8j","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9080-3433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanne Kofoed","family":"Lundegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Bl\u00f8nd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department Zealand University Hospital K\u00f8ge Denmark"},{"name":"Aleris Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8167-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Lavard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke Simone","family":"Rechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4990-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Dippmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2620-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristoffer W.","family":"Barfod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B3.BJJ-2018-0795.R2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2603-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57717-8_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2024.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2024.100315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0935-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2422-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231171378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516652894"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119864868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0933-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1746-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"[Dysplasia of the femoral trochlea]","volume":"76","author":"Dejour H","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2023.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517705634"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-06954-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2024.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0140-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1410-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-020-02800-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5311-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4584-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515597679"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211063914"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B3.37884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513478579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518794671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3397-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513482302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3013-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2022.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510041781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-03837-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-023-09868-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B2.20017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4766-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v8.i12.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5014-3"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.12647","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ksa.12647","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.12647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:43:21Z","timestamp":1772981001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ksa.12647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ksa.12647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.12647","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}