{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:49:57Z","timestamp":1791607797913,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (1) investigate how lower limb strength, vertical jump metrics, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) change in the initial 3\u2010 to 12\u2010months of recovery following ACLR; and (2) explore which strength and vertical jump metrics best differentiate between lower and higher Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL\u2010RSI) scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty recreationally active athletes undergoing unilateral primary ACLR underwent field\u2010based assessments of knee flexion and extension strength, hip adduction and abduction strength, and double and single leg countermovement (CMJ) and drop vertical jump (DVJ) kinetics at 3\u2010, 6\u2010, 9\u2010 and 12\u2010months following surgery. The KOOS and ACL\u2010RSI were also completed. Mixed models were used to investigate how measures of lower limb strength, vertical jump metrics and PROMs change across the first 12\u2010months of rehabilitation. Mixed model decision trees were used to determine which strength and vertical jump measures best discriminated between lower and higher PROMs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vertical jump height and reactive strength index (RSI) improved significantly over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with reductions in contraction and contact times (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Isometric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion strength increased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), as did KOOS and ACL\u2010RSI scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Surgically reconstructed limbs displayed deficits in most vertical jump and strength measures compared to the uninjured contralateral limb, although deficits reduced over time with between limb asymmetry deceasing in 70% of these variables (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> range: 0.05 to &lt;0.001). Single leg CMJ jump height\u2009&lt;\u20098.4\u2009cm best discriminated between lower and higher ACL\u2010RSI scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.67, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.8), whilst knee extension peak force asymmetry\u2009&lt;\u200938.3% best discriminated between lower and higher KOOS scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.78, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.9) across the time\u2010course of rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most measures of lower limb strength and vertical jump metrics change in both the ACLR and uninjured contralateral limbs across the first 12\u2010months of recovery following primary ACLR. A strong relationship was found between measures of lower limb strength and vertical jump performance with PROMs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level II, lower quality prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T05:12:23Z","timestamp":1747026743000},"page":"2684-2699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Time\u2010course changes in lower limb strength, vertical jump metrics and their relationship with patient reported outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8747-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Dutaillis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Precision Health and Technology (PRECISE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Collings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Precision Health and Technology (PRECISE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Bellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Sport Science Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-1848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan G.","family":"Timmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic University Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"The Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew N.","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Precision Health and Technology (PRECISE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07648-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120912846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beware of the \u2018moving target\u2019 \u2013 uninvolved limb strength increases to exceed pre\u2010operative values during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction in male professional and recreational athletes","volume":"1","author":"Barbosa O","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2021.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7030058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231192983"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211063800"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103555"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed\u2010effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Douglas Bates M","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003298"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01419-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01542-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513512774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1785037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004743"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Hand\u2010held dynamometer positioning impacts discomfort during quadriceps strength testing: a validity and reliability study","volume":"10","author":"Hansen EM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2022.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231209442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01566-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.1.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2021-0232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106588"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241300300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518825258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519825499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05374-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2022.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519887952"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4837"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Performance and symmetry measures during vertical jump testing at return to sport after ACL reconstruction","volume":"57","author":"Roula K","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-024-00712-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01386-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2016-000154","article-title":"Muscle function is associated with future patient\u2010reported outcomes in young adults with ACL injury","volume":"2","author":"Vala F","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Ex Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2007.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518773757"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092642"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70064","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000}}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.12694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T13:24:27Z","timestamp":1760880267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ksa.12694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ksa.12694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.12694","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/ksa.70064","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}