{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T11:41:28Z","timestamp":1776166888354,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyse the structural validity of the preliminary paediatric Knee Numeric\u2010Entity Evaluation Score\u2010Anterior Cruciate Ligament (KIDS\u2010KNEES\u2010ACL) Version 1.0 by Rasch analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), to establish a final item\u2010reduced and structurally valid KIDS\u2010KNEES\u2010ACL Version 2.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      KIDS\u2010KNEES\u2010ACL Version 1.0 is a content\u2010valid patient\u2010reported outcome measure (PROM) for the evaluation of children and adolescents with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. It consists of 60 items across 9 subscales. KIDS\u2010KNEES\u2010ACL Version 1.0 was completed by patients from a national cohort of children treated with ACL reconstruction. For each subscale, structural validity was evaluated by fit to the Rasch model for 141 respondents. Item fit, local dependence (LD), and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) for age and sex were assessed. These properties guided the process of item reduction until an adequate fit to the Rasch model was reached. The structure, as suggested by the Rasch model, was confirmed with CFA. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rasch analysis revealed item misfit of four of 60 items, and LD for several items across all subscales. When adjusted for, omitting 16 items from the item pool, excellent item fit statistics were achieved. Four subscales could be merged into the two new \u2018Friends and Family\u2019 and \u2018Looseness and Weakness\u2019 subscales. CFA confirmed the structure of all subscales with excellent\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      fit (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) without further modification. Internal consistency was acceptable with\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      values ranging from 0.71 to 0.88. There was no evidence of DIF with respect to age or sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The KIDS\u2010KNEES\u2010ACL 2.0, consisting of 44 items across seven subscales, is a new content\u2010valid and structurally valid PROM for children and adolescents with ACL deficiency. It can serve as an evaluative outcome for ACL injury and reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:55:48Z","timestamp":1771512948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The KIDS\u2010KNEES\u2010ACL is a valid PROM for children and adolescents with an ACL injury; item reduction using Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Fugl","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology M51 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9976-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Rindom","family":"Krogsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sports Traumatology M51 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7204-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sector for Sports Traumatology Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3641-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Faun\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sector for Sports Traumatology Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4518-5187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl Bang","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118759953","article-title":"2018 International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","volume":"6","author":"Ardern CL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02032362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621616677520"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christensen KB Kreiner S. Item fit statistics. In: Christensen KB Kreiner S Mesbah M editors. Rasch models in health. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2013. p. 83\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118574454.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231191778"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14413"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis","volume":"6","author":"Hu LBP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modelling"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510383002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-011-9203-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kreiner S Christensen KB. Graphical Rasch models. In: Mesbah M Cole BF Lee M\u2010LT editors. Statistical methods for quality of life studies: design measurements and analysis. Boston MA: Springer US; 2002. p. 187\u2013203.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4757-3625-0_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3625-0_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kreiner S Christensen KB. Two tests of local independence. In: Christensen KB Kreiner S editors. Rasch models in health. Chichester UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013. p. 131\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118574454.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"Mair P Hatzinger R Maier M. Extended Rasch modeling (R package version 0.10\u20108).2019.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=eRm"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marais I. Local dependence. In: Christensen KB Kreiner S Mesbah M editors. Rasch models in health. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2013. p. 111\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118574454.ch7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06237-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller M. iarm: item analysis in Rasch models. R package version 0.4\u20101; 2020.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.iarm"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.747921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1798-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5302-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA8001_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119861803"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.70343","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ksa.70343","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.70343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:36:19Z","timestamp":1776162979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ksa.70343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ksa.70343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.70343","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ksa.70343"}}