{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:08:07Z","timestamp":1790698087100,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radiography remains central to orthopedic diagnosis and surgical planning, yet many clinically important measurements (angles, offsets, alignment indices, and grading scores) are time\u2010consuming to obtain and show intra\u2010 and inter\u2010observer variability, especially in early or borderline disease. A reader\u2010friendly overview of deep learning methods for the automation of orthopedic measurements on radiographs is provided in this article. Four common approaches are summarized: segmentation networks through which masks are generated and geometry\u2010based measurements are derived; key point or heatmap\u2010based landmark detection models through which automated angle and distance calculation is enabled; two\u2010step object detection plus classification pipelines in which regions of interest are localized before downstream prediction; and direct regression models through which measurements are output directly from images. Representative applications are highlighted across major regions, including hip dysplasia angles, knee alignment and osteoarthritis assessment, and shoulder measurements such as the critical shoulder angle. Practical limitations and implementation considerations are also discussed, including generalizability across sites, performance drift, bias and fairness, and the need for human oversight and interpretable outputs to support safe deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:48:33Z","timestamp":1779450513000},"page":"3474-3482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep learning methods for automated orthopaedic measurements in radiographs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0990-5775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atif","family":"Abedeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2503-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Soth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"},{"name":"Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery EOC Lugano Switzerland"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Samuelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Hirschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Daliliyazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Chahla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayoosh","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2024.102935"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092235"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08034-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Inter\u2010 and intraobserver variability of radiographic measurements of knee alignment","volume":"14","author":"Ilahi OA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Knee Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05265-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1602249"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08035-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12618"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41380-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12702"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00022-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70481"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"RonnebergerP BroxT. 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