{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T10:43:53Z","timestamp":1793357033774,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy\u2013European Hip Preservation Associates\u2013European Sports Medicine Association (ESSKA\u2010EHPA\u2010ESMA) formal consensus aims to provide evidence\u2010 and expert opinion\u2010based recommendations for the terminology, clinical examination and imaging concerning the assessment of athletes and physically active adults with hip and groin pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u2018ESSKA Formal Consensus\u2019 methodology, involving a rigorous, iterative peer review process, was utilized. A multidisciplinary group of 57 experts from 22 countries formed a steering group (15 experts), rating group (20 experts) and reader group (22 experts). The steering group developed 13 questions, including four conclusive questions, across three domains: terminology, clinical examination and imaging. Statements were graded A (high\u2010level scientific evidence) to D (expert opinion) and scored 1\u20139 according to the level of agreement by the rating group. The reader group assessed statements for clarity and geographic adaptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median ratings for the 13 statements ranged from 8 to 9 out of 9. Strong agreement was recorded for five questions, relative agreement for five questions, and three questions remained uncertain. All statements were graded C. Recommended terminology includes adductor, iliopsoas, inguinal, pubic and hip joint\u2010related groin pain. Clinical examination should include gait assessment, Trendelenburg's test, palpation and resistance testing of relevant muscle groups, hip range of motion and the flexion, adduction, internal rotation (FADIR) test. Imaging examinations are neither fully sensitive or specific and should always be used in conjunction with history and examination. Depending on the suspected pathology, plain radiographs or ultrasonography should be used as first\u2010line investigations, with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and diagnostic hip injections reserved as second\u2010line investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This consensus provides a structured reference frame for the terminology, examination and imaging for athletes and physically active adults with hip and groin pain. Different and combined aetiologies for hip and groin pain exist, and therefore consistent terminology and systematic clinical examination are essential. Red flags must not be ignored, and imaging must be interpreted alongside history and examination findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level I.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:56:22Z","timestamp":1788796582000},"page":"3844-3855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hip and groin pain in physically active adults with a focus on terminology, clinical examination and imaging: A formal ESSKA\u2010EHPA\u2010ESMA Consensus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Per","family":"H\u00f6lmich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Orthopedic Research Center\u2010Copenhagen (SORC\u2010C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery 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Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Thorborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Orthopedic Research Center\u2010Copenhagen (SORC\u2010C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Amager\u2010Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Canata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Sports Traumatology and Arthroscopic Surgery Koelliker Hospital Torino Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Institute of Sports Medicine Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Della","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence Bologna 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