{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:55:11Z","timestamp":1791212111712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical artificial intelligence (AI) is typically validated on one patient population and then deployed unchanged into another, without surgeon input into its design. AI in orthopaedics should be built with surgeons, not simply for them: Surgeons should hold shared authority over the clinical question, data curation, validation, implementation, monitoring and retirement of any tool they use. Specialty\u2010tuned models outperform general\u2010purpose systems on some tasks, but the margin is modest and likely to narrow as generalist models improve. The more durable distinction is who controls the update loop\u2014who can retrain a model on local outcomes, audit its failures and withdraw it when it drifts. Trial evidence shows that a clinician kept in that loop by design, not as an afterthought, outperforms working alone. What determines whether orthopaedic AI fulfils its promise is not model architecture, but who stays accountable to the surgeon at the bedside when the model needs to change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:02:22Z","timestamp":1790751742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial intelligence in orthopaedics should be built with surgeons, not just for them!"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-685X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix C.","family":"Oettl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University Hospital Balgrist Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balint","family":"Zsidai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob F.","family":"Oeding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmar","family":"Herbst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gelenkpunkt\u2010Sports and Joint Surgery FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence\u2010Austria Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"P\u00e1nics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Budapesti Uzsoki Street Hospital Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Traumatology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp W.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Musahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Hamrin","family":"Senorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Seil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg City Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics University of Luxembourg Esch\u2010sur\u2010Alzette Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Medicine Rostock Rostock Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Malteser Waldkrankenhaus Erlangen Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Zaffagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4063-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umile Giuseppe","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Hirschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Thessalia Larissa Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Samuelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Sahlgrenska University Hospital M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"ESSKA AI Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04151-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03780-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09422-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/AIp2500705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.4917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MaoB PrasadhaMK XieZ HeJ GhebraniousM XuH et al. Disease risk prediction using structured EHR data: can generalist large language models match specialized clinical foundation models? A comparative evaluation with fine\u2010tuning. medRxiv. Preprint posted online May 1 2026.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.04.24.26351503","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.24.26351503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m689"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04190-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-024-00926-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08866-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03148-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02552-9"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.70628","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ksa.70628","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ksa.70628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:31:12Z","timestamp":1791210672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ksa.70628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ksa.70628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ksa.70628","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ksa.70628"}}